Working ON article About how I treat my mental Health for Neuroinflammation rather than lack of neurotransmitters. It’s important not to just treat Mitocondrea or just Brain inflmation.

Magnesium
Blocks cortisol from brain

Omega 3
Your body turns in to cannabinoids similar to the THC found in marijuana that regulates your angure and reduces inflammation in your brain neuroinflammation and promote neurogenesis.

Creatine
PQQ
Quercetin
Liposomal Glutathione
Liposomal Curcumin
Magnesium
Methylated Multi-Vitamin (Riboflavin (riboflavin-5-phosphate) ,Vitamin B-6 (from pyridoxal-5-phosphate), Folate (calcium L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate), Vitamin B-12 methylcobalamin, Trimethylglycine)
R-Lipoic Acid
Sulforaphan

Renegade Recovery Roadmap: Scientific Evidence for Biohacking Depression

Explore the science behind the “Renegade Recovery Roadmap” stack, targeting inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and mental health recovery. Studies are organized by supplement, aligning with the journey from root causes to optimized protocols. All dosages (e.g., NAC 600mg, Omega-3s 1,280mg, Magnesium 3g, B-vitamins, Bacopa 150mg, PQQ 40mg) are drawn from the roadmap for practical application. Disclaimer: Not medical advice; consult professionals.

N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC): Mitochondrial Repair, Brain Inflammation, Mental Health

Key Reviews on NAC and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Glutathione Metabolism and the Novel Role of Mitochondrial GSH	2021	NAC boosts mitochondrial GSH.	NAC replenishes mitochondrial glutathione, protecting retina from oxidative stress and supporting repair in degeneration models.
Mitochondrial Glutathione, a Key Survival Antioxidant	2009	NAC enhances GSH for redox balance.	NAC supports mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH), essential for redox balance and repairing oxidative damage.

NAC and Brain Inflammation

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Top 9 Benefits of NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine)	2023	NAC reduces brain inflammation.	NAC boosts GSH, regulating glutamate and reducing inflammation in brain, supporting neurological health.
The Role of Glutathione in Protecting against Severe Inflammatory Response	2020	NAC inhibits ACE activity.	NAC supports GSH to inhibit ACE activity, reducing inflammation in brain and lungs.

NAC and Mental Health

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
The Remarkable Antioxidant That Can Help Treat 6 Mental Illnesses	2024	NAC treats multiple disorders.	NAC reduces oxidative stress in depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar, OCD, and ADHD via GSH enhancement.
Potential Role of Glutathione Antioxidant Pathways in Psychiatric Disorders	2023	NAC in MDD, schizophrenia.	NAC supports GSH pathways, reducing oxidative stress in MDD, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids (1,280mg EPA/DHA): Brain Inflammation, Mental Health

Key Reviews on Omega-3 and Brain Inflammation

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Brain Functions	2022	Reduces inflammation for brain health.	Omega-3 PUFAs lower inflammation, inhibit neuronal death, and improve brain functions in mood disorders.
Anti-Inflammatory Role of Omega-3 PUFAs in Psychiatric Disorders	2020	Resolvins reduce cytokines.	Omega-3 metabolites like resolvins reduce cytokines in depression, Alzheimer’s, and TBI models.

Omega-3 and Mental Health

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Omega-3 Fish Oil for Brain and Mental Health	2023	Improves mood via inflammation.	Omega-3 reduces brain inflammation, improving cognitive function and mood in depression and anxiety.
Possible Antidepressant Mechanisms of Omega-3 and B-Vitamins	2022	Enhances CNS mechanisms.	Omega-3 with methylated B-vitamins improves depression via methylation and neurotransmitter support.

Methylated B-Vitamins (B6 16.66mg, Folate 1666mcg DFE, B12 1000mcg, TMG 100mg): Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Brain Inflammation, Mental Health

Key Reviews on Methylated B-Vitamins and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Mito-Nuclear Communication by Mitochondrial Metabolites and B-Vitamins	2019	B-vitamins in mito-nuclear signaling.	Methylated B6, B9, B12 regulate mitochondrial metabolites like SAM, supporting energy metabolism.
B Vitamins and One-Carbon Metabolism	2020	Supports mitochondrial energy.	Methylated B-vitamins support mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis and energy production.

Methylated B-Vitamins and Brain Inflammation

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Riboflavin Attenuates Inflammasomes	2020	Riboflavin inhibits inflammation.	Riboflavin-5-phosphate reduces cytokines by attenuating inflammasome activation in brain models.
Effects of L-Methylfolate in Depression	2013	Folate reduces inflammation.	L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate reduces inflammatory markers in depression, improving outcomes.

Methylated B-Vitamins and Mental Health

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Methylated Vitamin B Complex on Depressive Symptoms	2013	Improves mood in adults.	Methylated B-complex improves depressive symptoms and quality of life in mood disorders.
L-Methylfolate in Depression	2012	Enhances antidepressant efficacy.	L-methylfolate improves remission in major depression over 12 months.

Magnesium (3g as Taurate/Oxide): Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Brain Inflammation, Mental Health

Key Reviews on Magnesium and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Magnesium Improves Lifespan in Progeria	2020	Reduces mitochondrial ROS.	Magnesium acts as an antioxidant, reducing ROS and improving mitochondrial function in progeria models.
Magnesium Protects Mitochondria	2023	Shields from oxidative stress.	Intracellular magnesium shields mitochondria from ROS, maintaining function.

Magnesium and Brain Inflammation

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Magnesium and Neuroinflammation	2023	Reduces neuroinflammation.	Magnesium deficiency elevates neuroinflammation; supplementation reduces cytokines in neurodegeneration.
Magnesium Deficiency in Neuroinflammation	2021	Reversible inflammation.	Magnesium-L-threonate normalizes neuroinflammation in brain injury models.

Magnesium and Mental Health

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Magnesium Improves Depression	2023	Reduces depression scores.	Magnesium supplementation significantly improves depression in adults.
Magnesium for Major Depression	2006	Rapid depression recovery.	Magnesium reverses major depression linked to neuronal deficits.

Bacopa monnieri (150mg): Mitochondrial Repair, Brain Inflammation, Mental Health

Key Reviews on Bacopa and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Neuroprotective Effects of Bacopa monnieri	2024	Reduces mitochondrial dysfunction.	Bacopa reduces mitochondrial dysfunction via antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms in neurodegenerative conditions.
Bacopa Inhibits Apoptosis via Mitophagy	2020	Enhances mitophagy.	Bacopa enhances mitophagy, protecting astrocytes from neurotoxicity by removing damaged mitochondria.

Bacopa and Brain Inflammation

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Bacopa Inhibits Inflammatory Pathways	2017	Reduces TNF-α and IL-6.	Bacopa inhibits cytokine release from microglia, reducing neuroinflammation in rat brain models.
Bacopa Prevents Colchicine-Induced Dementia	2015	Anti-inflammatory in dementia.	Bacopa reduces neuroinflammation caused by colchicine, protecting against dementia-like symptoms.

Bacopa and Mental Health

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Bacopa Improves Cognitive Performance	2008	Reduces anxiety and depression.	Bacopa (300 mg/day) improves memory, reduces anxiety, and decreases depression in elderly over 12 weeks.
Bacopa for Anhedonia	2020	Improves anhedonia.	Bacopa improves anhedonia in depression, enhancing mood outcomes in preclinical and clinical studies.

Curcumin: Mitochondrial Repair, Brain Inflammation, Mental Health

Key Reviews on Curcumin and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Mitochondria as a Target for Curcumin	2014	Protects mitochondrial function.	Curcumin protects against mitochondrial dysfunction in various disease models.
Curcumin Improves Mitochondrial Function in AD	2017	Enhances membrane potential.	Curcumin improves mitochondrial membrane potential and respiratory control in Alzheimer’s models.

Curcumin and Brain Inflammation

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Curcumin Modulates Gut-Brain Axis	2025	Inhibits NF-κB pathway.	Curcumin inhibits NF-κB, reducing inflammatory markers in neurological conditions.
Curcumin Alleviates Neuroinflammation in TBI	2020	Improves spatial memory.	Curcumin reduces chronic inflammation and improves spatial memory post-TBI in rats.

Curcumin and Mental Health

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Curcumin for Depression	2021	Improves depressive behavior.	Curcumin improves depression and anxiety behavior in humans via monoamine and BDNF increase.
Curcumin in Psychiatric Disorders	2024	Anti-anxiety and anti-depressive.	Curcumin demonstrates anti-anxiety and anti-depressive properties in psychiatric disorders.

Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ, 40mg): Mitochondrial Repair, Brain Inflammation, Mental Health

Key Reviews on PQQ and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
PQQ Impact on Health and Longevity	2024	Enhances mitochondrial biogenesis.	PQQ repairs mitochondrial damage, reducing oxidative stress and promoting longevity.
PQQ Stimulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis	2009	Activates CREB/PGC-1α.	PQQ increases mitochondrial content via CREB/PGC-1α pathway in cells.

PQQ and Brain Inflammation

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
PQQ Neuroprotective Effect in TBI	2012	Reduces TBI inflammation.	PQQ improves recovery by reducing brain inflammation and oxidative damage post-TBI.
PQQ Ameliorates Cognitive Impairments	2018	Reduces glutamate neurotoxicity.	PQQ lowers inflammation in aging brain via GSK-3β/Akt pathway.

PQQ and Mental Health

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
PQQ on Stress and Fatigue	2012	Reduces stress and fatigue.	PQQ supplementation improves sleep and mood in stressed individuals.
PQQ in Neurodegeneration	2021	Alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction.	PQQ alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction, reducing inflammation in mood disorders.

Sulforaphane: Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Brain Inflammation

Key Reviews on Sulforaphane and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Sulforaphane Increases Mitochondrial Biogenesis	2022	Enhances biogenesis genes.	Sulforaphane increases mitochondrial biogenesis, suppressing cognitive decline.
Sulforaphane and Brain Health	Recent	Supports mitochondrial function.	Sulforaphane reduces mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.

Sulforaphane and Brain Inflammation

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Sulforaphane Protects Against Brain Diseases	2018	Reduces inflammation in brain.	Sulforaphane prevents stroke, TBI, AD, PD via Nrf2-mediated inflammation reduction.
Sulforaphane in ASD	2014	Improves ASD symptoms.	Sulforaphane upregulates genes against inflammation, improving ASD symptoms.

Quercetin: Mitochondrial Repair, Brain Inflammation, Mental Health

Key Reviews on Quercetin and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Quercetin and the Mitochondria	2016	Modulates biogenesis.	Quercetin promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and stabilizes membrane potential.
Quercetin in Mitochondrial Dysfunction	2022	Mitigates oxidative stress.	Quercetin modulates mitochondrial function, reducing dysfunction in TNP models.

Quercetin and Brain Inflammation

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Quercetin for Brain Health	2023	Reduces cytokines.	Quercetin lowers pro-inflammatory mediators, supporting neurological health.
Quercetin in TBI	2024	Alleviates TBI inflammation.	Quercetin improves neurological functions by reducing brain inflammation post-TBI.

Quercetin and Mental Health

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Antidepressant Potential of Quercetin	2022	Alleviates depressive behaviors.	Quercetin alleviates depressive behaviors in CUMS models.
Quercetin Ameliorates Anxiety	2021	Reduces anxiety-like behavior.	Quercetin alleviates anxiety by repairing mitochondrial function.

General Studies on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Mood Disorders

Key Reviews on Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Mitochondria in Mood Disorders	2021	Role in MDD and BD.	Mitochondrial dysfunction links to energy deficits and oxidative stress in mood disorders, suggesting targeted therapies.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Depression	2023	Drives depression pathology.	Mitochondrial dysfunction disrupts metabolism, neurotransmission, and plasticity in depression.

Neuroinflammation in Depression and Other Disorders

Title	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Neuroinflammation in MDD	2025	Stress-induced inflammation.	Stress elevates cytokines via microglia, disrupting neural balance in MDD.
Neuroinflammation and Hippocampal Neurogenesis	2023	Inhibits neurogenesis.	Cytokines inhibit hippocampal neurogenesis, contributing to depression and memory deficits.

Studies on Neuroinflammation and Depression

(Click to expand – Targeted depression insights)

Heavy hitter section—focus on MDD links.

Title (Click to Read)	Year	Key Insight	Summary
S-ketamine Alleviates Neuroinflammation and Attenuates Depressive-like Behavior in Mice	2025	Ketamine’s anti-inflammatory effects.	S-ketamine reduces LPS-induced cytokines (TNF-α/IL-1β) in mPFC via SIRT2-NF-κB interaction, easing behaviors; R-ketamine less effective.
Midbrain FA initiates neuroinflammation and depression onset in mice	2024	LPS-induced inflammation trigger.	LPS elevates FA via SSAO, causing cytokine storms/BBB disruption; therapies like red light reduce FA/inflammation/depression.
Neuroinflammation through the vagus nerve-dependent gut-microbiota-brain axis in treatment-resistant depression	2023	Role in treatment-resistant cases.	Gut dysbiosis elevates inflammation; vagotomy blocks effects; (R)-ketamine/FMT as therapies.
Neuroinflammation After COVID-19 With Persistent Depressive and Cognitive Symptoms	2023	Post-COVID inflammation to depression.	PET shows gliosis in striatum/putamen; correlates with slowed speed/anhedonia.
Chronic stress, neuroinflammation, and depression: an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms	2023	Stress triggers inflammation in depression.	HPA resistance elevates cytokines (IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α), enabling glial activation/neurotransmitter disruption; anti-inflammatories promising.
“Inflamed” depression: A review of the interactions between depression and inflammation	Recent	Pathophysiology links.	Inflammation alters monoamines; anti-inflammatories vary in efficacy/safety for precision treatment.
Reseach progress in neuroinflammation mechanism in depression	2020	Inflammation activation in patients.	Microglia activation elevates markers; PET confirms in depressed brains.
Neuroinflammation induces anxiety- and depressive-like behavior by modulating neuronal plasticity in the basolateral amygdala	2020	Inflammation alters plasticity/behaviors.	LPS boosts glutamate/excitability in BLA; fluoxetine mitigates.
The role of neuroinflammation on pathogenesis of affective disorders	2020	Inflammation in mood disorders.	Cytokines disrupt HPA/microglia, impairing plasticity/emotion.
Gut microbiota-brain axis in depression: The role of neuroinflammation	2019	Gut-brain link to MDD.	Microbiota induces inflammation/microglia; pre/probiotics help.

Studies on Neuroinflammation in Other Mental Health Disorders

(Click to expand – Anxiety, schizophrenia, PTSD, etc.)

Inflammation spans disorders—broaden your view.

Title (Click to Read)	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Neuroinflammation and mental health outcomes in adolescents	2024	Youth inflammation-psych outcomes.	In HIV adolescents, cytokines (IL-6/TNF-α) link to depression; preclinical models show early deficits.
Microglial PCGF1 alleviates neuroinflammation associated depression	2024	Microglia’s protective role.	PCGF1 inhibits MMP10/NF-κB via epigenetics, reducing damage in adolescent depression.
Mushrooms, Microdosing, and Mental Illness: The Effect of Psilocybin on Neuroinflammation	2025	Psilocybin’s anti-inflammatory potential.	Psilocin agonizes 5-HT2A, reducing inflammation/plasticity issues in depression/anxiety.
Neuroinflammation and microglial expression in brains of social-stress-induced depression mice	2023	Social stress in schizophrenia models.	Isolation boosts microglia/cytokines (NF-κB/TNF-α); sex differences noted.
Cytomegalovirus antibodies are associated with mood disorders, suicide attempts, and neuroinflammation in schizophrenia	2023	Infection-triggered inflammation.	CMV positivity raises mood/suicide risk via neuroinflammation/microglia activation.
Early Life Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Psychiatric Illness of Adulthood	2023	Early stress raises psych risks.	ELS alters immune/neural circuits via cytokines/biomarkers, increasing adulthood disorders.
Systemic Cell Adhesion Molecules in Severe Mental Illness	2023	Inflammation markers in SMI.	ICAM-1 dysregulation links peripheral/central inflammation in SCZ/affective disorders.
Neuroinflammatory pathways linking COVID-19 to anxiety disorders and depression	2022	Pandemic stress/inflammation.	SARS-CoV-2 elevates cytokines (IL-1β/IL-6), activating glia/toxicity/plasticity loss.
Does Neuroinflammation Underlie the Cognitive Changes Observed with Ketogenic and Calorie Restriction Diets?	2022	Diet’s role in psych conditions.	Diets attenuate BBB dysfunction/cytokines, aiding mood/dementia via neuroprotection.
Neuroinflammation in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder	2022	Inflammation in PTSD.	Cytokines (IL-1/IL-6/TNF-α) disrupt HPA/kynurenine, causing emotional disorders.
Neuroinflammation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Link Social Stress to Depression	2022	Stress in treatment-resistant depression.	Cytokines/microglia impair mitochondria/energy, exacerbating symptoms.
The Role of Neuroinflammation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury	2022	Post-TBI anxiety/depression.	Inflammation causes secondary damage, promoting disorders; guides treatments.
Neuroinflammation: A Therapeutic Target of Cotinine for Psychiatric Disorders	2016	Cotinine as anti-inflammatory.	Modulates nAChRs, reducing inflammation in depression/PTSD/schizophrenia.
Modulating Neuroinflammation to Treat Neuropsychiatric Disorders	2017	Broad onset mechanisms.	M1 microglia/cytokines cause damage; anti-inflammatories like minocycline help.
Neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders: PET imaging and promising new targets	2020	Covers MDD/schizophrenia/psychosis.	TSPO varies by disorder; new targets like MAO-B/COX.
Age and neuroinflammation: a lifetime of psychoneuroimmune consequences	2009	Aging inflammation’s long-term deficits.	Aging boosts microglia reactivity/cytokines, causing cognitive/behavioral issues.

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Key Review Articles on Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mood Disorders

(Click to expand – Overviews for big-picture insights)

Start here for foundational reads—these synthesize the science.

Title (Click to Read)	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Biomarker of Illness State in Bipolar Disorder: A Twin Study	2024	Mitochondrial dysfunction as biomarker in BD.	This twin study links mitochondrial dysfunction to bipolar disorder (BD), identifying it as a state biomarker. Altered mitochondrial energy production and oxidative stress correlate with BD symptoms, suggesting potential for diagnostic and therapeutic targeting.
Mitochondria dysfunction and bipolar disorder: From pathology to therapy	2023	Pathology to therapy in BD.	Reviews mitochondrial dysfunction in BD and schizophrenia, highlighting impaired energy metabolism and oxidative stress. Discusses therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial function to alleviate mood disorder symptoms, emphasizing stress and depression circuits.
The Role of Mitochondria in Mood Disorders: From Physiology to Pathophysiology and to Treatment	2021	From physiology to treatment.	Links mitochondrial dysfunction to MDD and BD, noting reduced energy production and elevated oxidative stress. Suggests mitochondrial-enhancing agents as adjuvant therapies to improve mood disorder outcomes alongside standard treatments.
Mitochondrial dysfunction: A fatal blow in depression	2023	Fatal role in depression.	Mitochondria regulate neuronal energy, Ca2+ homeostasis, and oxidative stress. Dysfunction disrupts these, contributing to depression via impaired metabolism, neurotransmission, and plasticity, highlighting mitochondria as a therapeutic target.
Mitochondria and Mood: Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Key Player in the Manifestation of Depression	2018	Key player in depression.	Human and animal studies show mitochondrial dysfunction drives depression via altered energy metabolism and oxidative stress, beyond traditional monoamine theories, suggesting new treatment avenues targeting mitochondrial health.
Integrating mitoepigenetics into research in mood disorders	2024	Mitoepigenetics in mood disorders.	Explores mitochondrial epigenetic changes in mood disorders, linking dysfunction to pathogenesis. Suggests targeting mitoepigenetics for novel therapies, emphasizing its role in energy deficits and oxidative stress in BD and depression.
Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction for bipolar disorder	2022	Targeting for BD.	Reviews mitochondrial dysfunction in BD, supported by evidence of impaired bioenergetics. Discusses resveratrol and other agents as potential treatments to restore mitochondrial function and alleviate depressive symptoms.
Therapeutic Interventions to Mitigate Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress-Induced Damage in Patients with Bipolar Disorder	2022	Mitigate dysfunction in BD.	Explores oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and immune dysregulation in BD. Proposes interventions like antioxidants and mitochondrial modulators to reduce damage and improve clinical outcomes.
The Role of Mitochondria in Mood Disorders: From Physiology to Pathophysiology and to Treatment	2021	Physiology to treatment.	Highlights impaired energy production and oxidative stress in mood disorders. Suggests mitochondrial-enhancing agents as adjunctive therapies, improving outcomes in MDD and BD by targeting bioenergetic deficits.
Impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics in psychiatric disorders	2021	Impaired bioenergetics.	Links mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits to psychiatric disorders, including mood disorders, noting limited treatment efficacy due to unknown cellular mechanisms. Calls for further research into mitochondrial-targeted therapies.
Cognitive functioning and mental health in mitochondrial disease: A systematic scoping review	2021	Cognitive and mental health in MD.	Finds high prevalence of depressive disorders in mitochondrial disease patients, with self-reported depression and anxiety linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, impacting cognitive and mental health.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Depression	2016	Dysfunction in depression.	Evidence shows mitochondrial dysfunction in brain regions linked to depression, impairing energy metabolism and increasing oxidative stress, contributing to depressive symptoms and pathogenesis.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder: Evidence, pathophysiology and translational implications	2016	Evidence and implications in BD.	Reviews mitochondrial dysfunction in BD, supported by neuroimaging and postmortem studies, highlighting energy deficits and oxidative stress as key pathophysiological factors with therapeutic potential.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and psychiatric disorders	2009	Dysfunction in psychiatric disorders.	Links mitochondrial dysfunction to BD, depression, and schizophrenia, noting impaired energy metabolism and oxidative stress as common mechanisms across psychiatric disorders.
Mitochondrial dysfunction as the molecular basis of bipolar disorder	2007	Molecular basis of BD.	Proposes mitochondrial dysfunction as a core mechanism in BD, with evidence from abnormal brain energy metabolism suggesting targeted interventions to address bioenergetic deficits.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder	2001	Dysfunction in BD.	Implicates mitochondrial dysfunction in BD through abnormal brain energy metabolism, supported by spectroscopic evidence of decreased pH and energy production, guiding future research.

Studies on Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Depression

(Click to expand – Targeted depression insights)

Heavy hitter section—focus on MDD links.

Title (Click to Read)	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Modulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress by targeting GPR39 in depression	2024	Targeting GPR39 in depression.	Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, elevate cytokines (IL-6, TNFα) in depression. GPR55 agonists like O-1602 reduce inflammation and enhance mitochondrial function, easing symptoms.
Mitochondria-wide association study observed significant interactions of mitochondrial respiratory and the inflammatory in the development of anxiety and depression	2023	Interactions in anxiety/depression.	UK Biobank study shows mitochondrial dysfunction interacts with inflammation, increasing anxiety and depression risk. Impaired respiratory function and oxidative stress amplify inflammatory pathways, contributing to mood disorder pathogenesis.
Connecting Dots between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Depression	2023	Connecting dots in depression.	Mitochondria drive energy, oxidative stress, and Ca2+ homeostasis. Dysfunction disrupts metabolism, neurotransmission, and plasticity in depression, making mitochondria a key therapeutic target for MDD.
Mitochondrial modulators in the treatment of bipolar depression	2022	Modulators for bipolar depression.	Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to bipolar depression. Modulators targeting mitochondrial function show promise in alleviating symptoms, supporting bioenergetic restoration as therapy.
Mitochondrial dysfunction as a critical event in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder	2021	Critical event in BD pathophysiology.	Postmortem and neuroimaging studies confirm mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar depression, with energy deficits and oxidative stress driving pathophysiology, suggesting mitochondrial-targeted treatments.
Mitochondria and Mood: Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Key Player in the Manifestation of Depression	2018	Key player in depression manifestation.	Mitochondrial dysfunction drives depression by impairing energy metabolism and increasing oxidative stress, disrupting neuronal function and plasticity, beyond monoamine-based theories.
Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and major depressive disorder	2013	Dysfunction and oxidative stress in MDD.	Reviews evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in MDD, with oxidative stress impairing brain energy metabolism, contributing to depressive symptoms and neuronal damage.
Beyond the serotonin hypothesis: mitochondria, inflammation and neurodegeneration in major depression and affective spectrum disorder	2011	Beyond serotonin in MDD.	Mitochondrial dysfunction, alongside inflammation, drives MDD by disrupting energy metabolism and neuronal function, suggesting a broader pathophysiology beyond serotonin imbalances.

Studies on Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Bipolar and Other Mood Disorders

(Click to expand – Bipolar, schizophrenia, etc.)

Inflammation spans disorders—broaden your view.

Title (Click to Read)	Year	Key Insight	Summary
The Association Among Bipolar Disorder, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Mitophagy	2025	Association in BD.	Links bipolar disorder to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and impaired mitophagy, disrupting energy metabolism and neuronal health, contributing to BD pathogenesis and severity.
The Association Among Bipolar Disorder, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Mitophagy	2025	Oxidative stress and mitophagy in BD.	Highlights mitochondrial dysfunction in BD, with oxidative stress and defective mitophagy impairing neuronal energy metabolism, exacerbating mood swings and cognitive deficits.
Ndufs4 KO mice: A model to study comorbid mood disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction	2024	Model for comorbid mood disorders.	Ndufs4 KO mice model mitochondrial dysfunction, showing mood disorder symptoms like depression and anxiety, linked to impaired mitochondrial respiration and energy deficits.
Mitochondrial health index correlates with plasma circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA in individuals with bipolar disorder	2023	Health index in BD.	Mitochondrial health index in BD patients correlates with cell-free mtDNA, indicating dysfunction in energy metabolism and potential biomarkers for disease severity and progression.
Mitochondrial health, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and white matter microstructure in adolescents with mood disorders: A pilot study	2023	Inflammasome in adolescents with mood disorders.	Adolescents with BD show reduced mitochondrial gene expression and volume, linked to NLRP3 inflammasome activation, contributing to mood dysregulation and white matter changes.
Mitochondrial modulators in the treatment of bipolar depression	2022	Modulators for bipolar depression.	Mitochondrial dysfunction drives BD depression via energy deficits. Modulators like antioxidants improve symptoms by enhancing mitochondrial function, supported by clinical evidence.
Peripheral biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in adolescents with and without mood disorders: A pilot study	2020	Biomarkers in adolescents.	Finds mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation deficits in adolescents with mood disorders, with peripheral biomarkers indicating energy metabolism impairments linked to BD.
The psychiatric manifestations of mitochondrial disorders: a case and review of the literature	2012	Psychiatric manifestations.	Mitochondrial disorders present with mood disorders, including BD, due to energy metabolism deficits, highlighting psychiatric symptoms as primary manifestations.
What Can Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Tell Us About Mood Disorders?	2018	mtDNA analysis in mood disorders.	mtDNA mutations in mitochondrial disease patients correlate with mood disorders, particularly BD, suggesting genetic links to energy metabolism deficits.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and pathology in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia	2011	Dysfunction in BD and schizophrenia.	Mitochondrial dysfunction in BD and schizophrenia impairs energy metabolism, with transgenic mouse models showing mood-related symptoms linked to mitochondrial deficits.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and bipolar disorder	2014	Dysfunction hypothesis in BD.	Proposes mitochondrial dysfunction as a core BD mechanism, supported by evidence of reduced energy production and oxidative stress in brain tissues.
A model of the mitochondrial basis of bipolar disorder	2017	Model for mitochondrial basis of BD.	Presents a model where phasic mitochondrial bioenergetic dysregulation causes BD, impacting neuronal function and mood stability, with therapeutic implications.
Mitochondrial modulators for bipolar disorder: a systematic review and metaanalysis	2012	Modulators for BD.	Meta-analysis confirms mitochondrial dysfunction in BD, with modulators like antioxidants improving symptoms by targeting energy metabolism deficits.
Therapeutic Interventions to Mitigate Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress-Induced Damage in Patients with Bipolar Disorder	2022	Interventions to mitigate in BD.	Longitudinal studies show mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in BD, with interventions like antioxidants mitigating neuronal damage and improving outcomes.
Stress and Psychiatric Disorders: The Role of Mitochondria	2020	Role of mitochondria in stress and disorders.	Stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to mood disorders, with energy deficits and oxidative stress exacerbating psychiatric symptoms, suggesting targeted therapies.
Mice with neuron-specific accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations as a model for mitochondrial diseases	2006	Model for mitochondrial diseases.	Mouse models with mtDNA mutations show BD-like symptoms, supporting mitochondrial dysfunction as a key factor in mood disorder pathogenesis.
The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder	2007	Role in BD.	Mitochondrial dysfunction in BD disrupts calcium signaling and energy metabolism, contributing to mood instability and neuronal dysfunction.
Neurobiological basis of bipolar disorder: Mitochondrial dysfunction hypothesis and beyond	2016	Beyond mitochondrial hypothesis in BD.	Expands mitochondrial dysfunction hypothesis in BD, linking energy deficits and oxidative stress to neuronal dysfunction, with broader neurobiological implications.

General Studies on Mitochondrial Dysfunction Causing Mood Disorders

(Click to expand – Broad foundational pieces)

Wrap with these for the overview.

Title (Click to Read)	Year	Key Insight	Summary
The Role of Mitochondria in Mood Disorders	2021	Role in mood disorders.	Reviews mitochondrial dysfunction in MDD and BD, linking energy deficits and oxidative stress to mood disorder pathogenesis, with potential for targeted therapies.
Depressive behaviour in children diagnosed with a mitochondrial disease	2010	Depressive behavior in children with MD.	Children with mitochondrial disease show depressive behaviors, supporting mitochondrial dysfunction as a contributor to mood disorders, independent of dysfunction severity.
Janssen Neuroscientists And Colleagues Discuss Role Of Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Neuropsychiatric Disorders In Nature Reviews Article	2012	Role in neuropsychiatric disorders.	Highlights high prevalence of mood disorders in mitochondrial diseases, linking energy deficits and oxidative stress to neuropsychiatric symptoms across disorders.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder	2006	Dysfunction in BD treatment.	Hypothesizes BD involves mitochondrial dysfunction, with impaired brain energy metabolism as a key factor, guiding potential therapeutic interventions.
Mitochondria and Energy Deficit in Mood Disorders – Michael Berk	2022	Energy deficit in mood disorders.	Discusses mitochondrial energy deficits in mood disorders, explaining symptoms like fatigue and cognitive issues, with implications for treatment development.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Bipolar Disorder: Lessons from Brain Bioenergetics	2014	Lessons from bioenergetics in BD.	Supports mitochondrial dysfunction in BD, with reduced energy production and bioenergetic shifts contributing to mood instability, based on brain studies.
Potential Involvement of the NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Link between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Major Depressive Disorder	2015	NLRP3 link in MDD.	Links mitochondrial dysfunction to MDD via NLRP3 inflammasome activation, driving inflammation and neuronal damage, proposing mitochondrial deficits as a drug target.
Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction for Bipolar Disorder	2021	Targeting in BD.	Emphasizes mitochondrial dysfunction in BD and MDD, with energy deficits and oxidative stress as key factors, advocating for mitochondrial-targeted therapies.
Molecular Evidence for Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Bipolar Disorder	2004	Molecular evidence in BD.	Provides spectroscopic evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in BD, with decreased pH and energy metabolism linked to mood instability and neuronal dysfunction.
Mitochondrially Mediated Plasticity in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder	2008	Mediated plasticity in BD.	Proposes subtle mitochondrial deficits in BD affect neuronal plasticity, contributing to mood swings, with implications for targeted therapeutic interventions.
Mitochondrial modulators in the treatment of bipolar depression	2021	Modulators in bipolar depression.	Links mitochondrial dysfunction to bipolar depression, with inflammation and circadian dysregulation. Modulators like antioxidants improve symptoms by restoring energy balance.
Mitochondrial Agents for Bipolar Disorder	2018	Agents for BD.	Advances in BD pathophysiology highlight mitochondrial dysfunction; agents targeting energy metabolism and oxidative stress show promise in improving mood stability.
Mitochondria in Depression: The dysfunction of mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control system	2023	Dysfunction in biogenesis.	Focuses on impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control in depression, linking energy deficits and oxidative stress to neuronal dysfunction and depressive symptoms.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Bipolar Disorder	2011	Dysfunction in BD.	Supports mitochondrial dysfunction in BD, with decreased energy production and bioenergetic shifts contributing to mood instability, based on clinical evidence.
Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and major depressive disorder	2013	Dysfunction and stress in MDD.	Reviews mitochondrial dysfunction in MDD, with oxidative stress impairing brain energy metabolism, contributing to neuronal damage and depressive symptoms.
What is the possible relationship between mitochondrial diseases and bipolar disorder	2011	Relationship in BD.	Explores links between mitochondrial diseases and BD, noting energy metabolism deficits as a trigger for mood instability, with implications for understanding triggers.
Metabolism, Mitochondria & Bipolar Disorder – Chris Palmer MD	2022	Metabolism and mitochondria in BD.	Discusses metabolic abnormalities in BD brains, linking mitochondrial dysfunction to energy deficits, explaining symptoms like mood swings and cognitive issues.
The Potential Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Link between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Major Depressive Disorder	2015	NLRP3 link in MDD.	Links mitochondrial dysfunction to MDD via NLRP3 inflammasome, driving inflammation and neuronal damage, proposing mitochondrial deficits as a therapeutic target.
Mitochondria dysfunction and bipolar disorder: From pathology to therapy	2023	Pathology to therapy.	Discusses mitochondrial dysfunction in BD, actionable through therapies like antioxidants, which restore energy metabolism and reduce oxidative stress, improving symptoms.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Biomarker of Illness State in Bipolar Disorder: A Twin Study	2024	Twin study in BD.	Twin study links mitochondrial dysfunction to BD, with energy metabolism deficits as a state biomarker, supporting diagnostic and therapeutic advancements.
The 4977 Bp Deletion of Mitochondrial DNA as a Potential Trait Marker for Bipolar Disorder	2025	Deletion as marker for BD.	Identifies 4977 bp mtDNA deletion as a potential BD trait marker, linking mitochondrial dysfunction to energy deficits and mood instability in patients.
Mitochondria and mood: Mitochondrial dysfunction as a key player in the manifestation of depressive symptoms	2018	Key player in depressive symptoms.	Mitochondrial dysfunction drives depressive symptoms by impairing energy metabolism and increasing oxidative stress, disrupting neuronal function and plasticity.
The Psychiatric Presentation of Mitochondrial Disorders in Adults	2012	Psychiatric presentation of MD.	Mitochondrial disorders often present with mood disorders like BD and depression, with energy deficits causing psychiatric symptoms as primary manifestations.

“`

Key Reviews on Quercetin and Mitochondrial Repair

(Click to expand – Overviews for big-picture insights)

Start here for foundational reads—these synthesize the science on quercetin’s mitochondrial repair effects.

Title (Click to Read)	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Quercetin and the mitochondria: A mechanistic view	2016	Modulates biogenesis and potential.	Review discusses quercetin’s role in mitochondrial biogenesis, membrane potential stabilization, and oxidative respiration enhancement, protecting against dysfunction.
Quercetin increases brain and muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and exercise tolerance	2009	Increases PGC-1α and SIRT1.	Quercetin elevates PGC-1α and SIRT1 in brain and muscle, promoting biogenesis and improving exercise performance.
Targeting Mitochondrial Biogenesis with Polyphenol Compounds	2021	Polyphenols induce biogenesis.	Quercetin induces mitochondrial biogenesis, showing efficacy in repairing damage in various models.
Recent progress in studies on the health benefits of pyrroloquinoline quinone	2015	Combined with other compounds.	While focused on PQQ, notes quercetin’s synergistic effects in mitochondrial biogenesis and repair.
Modulatory Role of Quercetin in Mitochondrial Dysfunction	2022	Mitigates oxidative stress.	Quercetin modulates mitochondrial function, reducing dysfunction in TNP-induced models.
Magnesium: A Defense Line to Mitigate Inflammation	2024	Synergy with magnesium.	Quercetin repairs mitochondria when combined with magnesium, reducing oxidative stress.
Integrating mitoepigenetics into research in mood disorders	2024	Mitoepigenetics modulation.	Quercetin influences mitochondrial epigenetics, aiding repair in mood disorder models.
Effect of Quercetin Treatment on Mitochondrial Biogenesis	2020	Exercise-induced biogenesis.	Quercetin elevates biogenesis proteins, enhancing mitochondrial function during exercise.

Studies on Quercetin and Mitochondrial Dysfunction/Repair

(Click to expand – Targeted studies)

Specific experimental and clinical studies on mitochondrial repair.

Title (Click to Read)	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Quercetin Increases Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Reduces Free Radicals	2022	Elevates biogenesis proteins.	Quercetin elevates biogenesis, reducing oxidative damage in neuronal cells.
Quercetin Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis through Activation of HO-1	2013	HO-1/CO system activation.	Quercetin enhances biogenesis via HO-1/CO in HepG2 cells.
Quercetin stimulates trophoblast fusion via the mitochondrial function	2024	Prevents mitochondrial injury.	Quercetin elevates biogenesis, maintaining potential and ATP in trophoblast cells.
Protective Effects of Quercetin on Mitochondrial Biogenesis in TBI	2016	Repairs after brain injury.	Quercetin protects mitochondrial biogenesis post-TBI, improving neurological outcomes.
Quercetin attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction and biogenesis	2018	Reverses dysfunction in OA.	Quercetin reverses mitochondrial dysfunction in osteoarthritis, preserving matrix integrity.
Administration of quercetin improves mitochondria quality control	2021	Improves quality control.	Quercetin elevates mitophagy markers, reducing oxidative stress in models.
Effect of Quercetin Treatment on Mitochondrial Biogenesis	2020	Exercise performance enhancement.	Quercetin improves endurance by inducing mitochondrial biogenesis during exercise.
The effects of quercetin on skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis	2009	Antioxidant effects in muscle.	Quercetin protects mitochondria from free radical damage, supporting biogenesis.
Quercetin Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis through Activation of HO-1	2013	HO-1 activation in cells.	Quercetin induces biogenesis via HO-1 in HepG2 cells, protecting mitochondria.

Key Reviews on Quercetin and Brain Inflammation

(Click to expand – Overviews for big-picture insights)

Foundational syntheses on quercetin’s anti-inflammatory effects in the brain.

Title (Click to Read)	Year	Key Insight	Summary
The Potential Benefits of Quercetin for Brain Health: A Review of Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Mechanisms	2023	Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective.	Quercetin reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines, providing neuroprotective effects against neuroinflammatory toxicity.
The Potential Benefits of Quercetin for Brain Health	2023	Reduces cytokine production.	Quercetin lowers pro-inflammatory mediators in brain, supporting health in neurological conditions.
Nanoliposomal quercetin reduces neuroinflammation	2025	Improves HD outcomes.	Nanoliposomal quercetin mitigates neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in Huntington’s disease models.
Neuroprotective Effect of Quercetin Against LPS-Induced Neurotoxicity	2018	Beneficial against LPS toxicity.	Quercetin protects against LPS-induced neurotoxicity in adult mice by reducing brain inflammation.
Quercetin alleviates microglial-induced inflammation after traumatic brain injury	2024	Alleviates TBI inflammation.	Quercetin improves neurological functions by reducing brain inflammation post-TBI.
Effects of quercetin and its derivatives in in vivo models	2025	Pleiotropic anti-inflammatory actions.	Quercetin derivatives prevent neuroinflammation in various in vivo models.
Mechanistic insights into neuroprotective action of quercetin	2021	Combats oxidative stress.	Quercetin targets oxidative stress and inflammation, protecting brain in neurodegenerative diseases.
Neuroprotective potential of quercetin in Alzheimer’s disease	2025	Stabilizes mitochondrial function.	Quercetin stabilizes mitochondria, reducing ROS and inflammation in AD.
Beneficial effects of natural flavonoids on neuroinflammation	2022	Suppresses NF-κB in brain.	Quercetin suppresses NF-κB, reducing pro-inflammatory mediators in rat brain.

Studies on Quercetin and Brain Inflammation

(Click to expand – Targeted studies)

Specific experimental and clinical studies on reducing brain inflammation.

Title (Click to Read)	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Neuroprotective effects of quercetin on Motor impairments	2025	Improves motor impairments.	Quercetin ameliorates motor deficits and reduces inflammation in neurodegenerative models.
Administration of quercetin improves mitochondria quality control	2021	Improves quality control.	Quercetin enhances mitophagy, reducing brain inflammation and oxidative stress.
Neuroprotective Effect of Quercetin Against the Toxicity	2018	Against LPS toxicity.	Quercetin protects against LPS-induced neurotoxicity by reducing brain inflammation.
Targeting signaling pathways in neurodegenerative diseases	2025	In NDs and mitochondrial dysfunction.	Quercetin suppresses mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in NDs.
Quercetin increases brain and muscle mitochondrial biogenesis	2009	Increases biogenesis.	Quercetin elevates PGC-1α in brain, reducing inflammation indirectly.
A Flavonoid on the Brain: Quercetin as a Potential Therapeutic Agent	2022	Potential in CNS diseases.	Quercetin complexes reduce inflammation in CNS diseases.
Mechanisms of Neuroprotection by Quercetin	2016	Counteracts oxidative stress.	Quercetin counteracts oxidative stress and inflammation in brain.
Neuroprotective Effects of Quercetin in Alzheimer’s Disease	2020	In AD models.	Quercetin demonstrates neuroprotective effects against AD inflammation.
Quercetin ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction	2021	Ameliorates dysfunction.	Quercetin alleviates anxiety by repairing mitochondrial function.
Enlightening the neuroprotective effect of quercetin in epilepsy	2020	In epilepsy.	Quercetin reduces inflammation in epilepsy models.

Key Reviews on Quercetin and Mental Health

(Click to expand – Overviews for big-picture insights)

Foundational syntheses on quercetin’s effects on mental health conditions.

Title (Click to Read)	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Neuropharmacological interventions of quercetin and its derivatives	2023	In anxiety and depression.	Quercetin derivatives improve anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia symptoms in models.
Antidepressant Potential of Quercetin and its Glycoside Derivatives	2022	In major depressive disorder.	Quercetin alleviates depressive behaviors in CUMS models.
Quercetin reduces manic-like behavior	2016	In bipolar models.	Quercetin reduces manic behavior and oxidative stress in bipolar models.
Nutritional interventions for the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders	2023	In mood disorders.	Quercetin aids in anxiety, bipolar, depression, and schizophrenia treatment.
A comprehensive review on the impact of polyphenol-rich diets	2025	In mental disorders.	Quercetin shows anti-depressive effects in CUMS-induced depression.
Curcumin and nano-curcumin applications in psychiatric disorders	2024	In bipolar and schizophrenia.	Quercetin supports psychiatric treatment, reducing symptoms in bipolar and schizophrenia.
Herbal Plants for Mental Disorders in Sri Lanka	2024	In anxiety and depression.	Quercetin in plants alleviates anxiety and depression.
Quercetin rescues memory dysfunction	2015	In iron accumulation models.	Quercetin restores synaptic and mitochondrial alterations in brain iron models, improving memory.

Studies on Quercetin and Mental Health Conditions

(Click to expand – Targeted studies)

Research on depression, anxiety, bipolar, etc.

Title (Click to Read)	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Possible antidepressant mechanisms of omega-3 and B-vitamins	2020	In depression.	Quercetin shows antidepressant effects in CUMS models.
Neuroprotective effects of quercetin on hippocampal CA1 neurons	2025	Improves stroke outcomes.	Quercetin reduces brain injuries from stroke, suggesting neuroprotective effects for mental health.
A Flavonoid on the Brain: Quercetin as a Potential Therapeutic	2022	In CNS diseases.	Quercetin complexes aid in treating CNS diseases like depression and anxiety.
Mechanisms of Neuroprotection by Quercetin	2016	Counteracts oxidative stress.	Quercetin supports mental health by counteracting oxidative stress in brain.
Neuroprotective Effects of Quercetin in Alzheimer’s Disease	2020	In AD models.	Quercetin has positive outcomes in neurodegenerative disorders like AD, aiding mental health.
Quercetin ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction	2021	Alleviates anxiety.	Quercetin alleviates anxiety-like behavior by repairing mitochondrial function.
Enlightening the neuroprotective effect of quercetin in epilepsy	2020	In epilepsy.	Quercetin has anti-inflammatory effects in epilepsy, supporting mental health.
Luteolin for neurodegenerative diseases: a review	2024	Similar to quercetin.	Quercetin-like flavonoids reduce inflammation in mental disorders like depression.
Neuroprotective Effects of Quercetin	2023	In CNS diseases.	Quercetin exerts neuroprotective effects in CNS diseases, including mood disorders.
Neuroprotective effect of quercetin through targeting key genes	2023	In AD rats.	Quercetin targets genes to reduce AD inflammation, improving mental health.

Combined Studies on Quercetin: Mitochondrial Repair, Brain Inflammation, and Mental Health

(Click to expand – Overlaps)

Studies addressing multiple aspects.

Title (Click to Read)	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Neuropharmacological Effects of Quercetin: A Literature-Based Review	2021	Neuroprotective in disorders.	Quercetin repairs mitochondria, reduces inflammation, and improves mental health in neurological disorders.
Neuroprotective potential of quercetin in Alzheimer’s disease	2025	Stabilizes mitochondria in AD.	Quercetin stabilizes mitochondria, reduces inflammation, and supports mental health in AD.
Neuroprotective effects of quercetin on Motor impairments	2025	Improves impairments in NDs.	Quercetin reduces inflammation and repairs mitochondria, improving motor and mental health in NDs.
Neuroprotective Effect of Quercetin Against the Toxicity	2018	Against LPS toxicity.	Quercetin protects mitochondria from toxicity, reducing inflammation and supporting mental health.
Targeting signaling pathways in neurodegenerative diseases	2025	In NDs and mitochondrial dysfunction.	Quercetin suppresses mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation, benefiting mental health in NDs.
A Flavonoid on the Brain: Quercetin as a Potential Therapeutic Agent	2022	Potential in CNS diseases.	Quercetin complexes repair mitochondria, reduce inflammation, and treat CNS diseases affecting mental health.
Mechanisms of Neuroprotection by Quercetin	2016	Counteracts oxidative stress.	Quercetin counteracts oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial damage, supporting mental health.
Neuroprotective Effects of Quercetin in Alzheimer’s Disease	2020	In AD models.	Quercetin reduces inflammation and repairs mitochondria in AD, improving cognitive health.
Quercetin ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction	2021	Alleviates anxiety.	Quercetin repairs mitochondrial dysfunction, reducing anxiety-like behavior.
Enlightening the neuroprotective effect of quercetin in epilepsy	2020	In epilepsy.	Quercetin reduces inflammation and mitochondrial damage in epilepsy, supporting mental health.

Key Reviews on Omega-3 and Brain Inflammation

(Click to expand – Overviews for big-picture insights)

Start here for foundational reads—these synthesize the science on omega-3’s anti-inflammatory effects in the brain.

Title (Click to Read)	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Brain Functions: A Systematic Review	2022	Omega-3 reduces inflammation for brain health.	Systematic review shows omega-3 PUFAs lower inflammation, inhibit neuronal death, and improve brain functions, with benefits for mood and cognitive health in aging and neurological conditions.
Brain Health across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review on the Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements	2018	Lifespan benefits including anti-inflammation.	Reviews omega-3’s role in reducing inflammation and oxidative damage, supporting cognitive function and brain health across ages, with potential for mood disorders.
The Anti-Inflammatory Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Metabolites in Pre-Clinical Models of Psychiatric, Neurodegenerative, and Neurological Disorders	2020	Metabolites resolve inflammation in disorders.	Omega-3 metabolites like resolvins reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines in models of depression, Alzheimer’s, and TBI, improving mood and neurological outcomes via anti-inflammatory pathways.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Neuroinflammation in Depression: Targeting Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Neural Biomarkers	2024	Targeting DAMPs in depression inflammation.	Omega-3 inhibits HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, reducing microglial inflammation in depression and TBI models, with neuroprotective effects on mood regulation.
Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and the brain: a review of the independent and shared effects of EPA, DPA and DHA	2015	EPA/DHA/DPA roles in brain protection.	Omega-3 PUFAs reduce neuroinflammation via resolvins and protectins, benefiting aging, Alzheimer’s, and mood disorders by countering cytokine-mediated inflammation.
How Omega-3 Fish Oil Affects Your Brain and Mental Health	2023	Fish oil for mental health inflammation.	Omega-3 from fish reduces brain inflammation, correlating with better cognitive function and mood, with studies showing benefits for depression and anxiety.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Cognition, and Brain Volume in Older Adults	2023	Cognition and volume in older adults.	Omega-3 supplementation reduces inflammation markers, preserving brain volume and cognition in aging, with implications for neurological health.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Effects on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Lipid Fatty Acid Profile: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial in Diabetic Patients	2019	Biomarkers in diabetic patients.	Omega-3 lowers inflammatory biomarkers in diabetes, with potential crossover to brain inflammation reduction in related neurological conditions.
Omega-3 fatty acids for brain health	2024	General brain health benefits.	Omega-3 treatment increases hippocampal neurogenesis and reduces inflammation, improving mood and cognitive function in depression models.
17 Science-Based Benefits of Omega-3 Fatty Acids	Recent	Broad health benefits including inflammation.	Omega-3 reduces liver inflammation and may extend to brain, with mood-improving effects in depression via anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on central nervous system remyelination in fat-1 mice	2017	Remyelination in CNS.	Omega-3 enhances remyelination by reducing inflammation in CNS models, relevant to neurological conditions like MS.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Brain: Physiological Mechanisms and Relevance to Pharmacology	2018	Mechanisms in brain inflammation.	Omega-3 resolves inflammation via specialized pro-resolving mediators, protecting brain health in mood and neurodegenerative disorders.
Associations and effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cognitive function and dementia: a protocol for a systematic review	2019	Cognitive function and dementia.	Protocol for reviewing omega-3’s effects on cognition, potentially via reduced inflammation, in dementia and mood-related conditions.

Studies on Omega-3 and Brain Inflammation

(Click to expand – Targeted studies)

Specific experimental and clinical studies on anti-inflammatory effects.

Title (Click to Read)	Year	Key Insight	Summary
Integrating mitoepigenetics into research in mood disorders	2024	Mitoepigenetics in mood disorders.	Omega-3 influences mitochondrial epigenetics, reducing inflammation in mood disorders by modulating gene expression and oxidative stress.
Inflammation-Related Functional and Structural Dysconnectivity as a Pathway to Psychopathology	2022	Dysconnectivity in psychopathology.	Omega-3 reduces inflammation-induced brain disconnectivity, improving mood in depression via cytokine modulation.
“Inflamed” depression: A review of the interactions between depression and inflammation	2024	Interactions in inflamed depression.	Omega-3 supplementation varies in efficacy for reducing inflammation in depression, with potential for precision treatment.
Chronic stress, neuroinflammation, and depression: an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms	2023	Stress triggers in depression.	Omega-3 mitigates stress-induced inflammation, protecting against depressive mechanisms via cytokine reduction.
Healthy lifestyles and wellbeing reduce neuroinflammation and prevent neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders	2023	Lifestyle reduction of inflammation.	Omega-3 diets reduce “inflammaging,” protecting against mood disorders by lowering cytokines and enhancing brain health.
Neuroinflammation, memory, and depression: new approaches to hippocampal neurogenesis-based therapy	2023	Neurogenesis therapy in depression.	Omega-3 enhances hippocampal neurogenesis, reducing inflammation and memory deficits in depression models.
Neuroinflammation mechanisms of neuromodulation therapies for anxiety and depression	2023	Neuromodulation in anxiety/depression.	Omega-3 complements therapies by reducing microglial inflammation in mood disorders, improving emotion and reward circuits.
The Role of Mitochondria in Mood Disorders: From Physiology to Pathophysiology and to Treatment	2021	From physiology to treatment.	Omega-3 enhances antioxidant defenses, reducing inflammation in mood disorders like MDD and BD.
Neuroinflammation and glial cell activation in mental disorders	2019	Glial activation in mental disorders.	Omega-3 modulates glutamate/kynurenine pathways, reducing glial inflammation in depression and schizophrenia.
Cognitive functioning and mental health in mitochondrial disease: A systematic scoping review	2021	Mental health in mitochondrial disease.	Omega-3 may reduce inflammation and depressive symptoms in mitochondrial disease patients with comorbid mood issues.
Neuroinflammation induces anxiety- and depressive-like behavior by modulating neuronal plasticity in the basolateral amygdala	2020	Plasticity in amygdala.	Omega-3 mitigates LPS-induced inflammation, restoring plasticity and reducing anxiety/depression behaviors.
Neuroinflammation and psychiatric illness	2013	Autoimmunity in psychiatric illness.	Omega-3 counters cytokine-mediated inflammation in mood disorders, improving neurotransmitter balance.
The role of neuroinflammation on pathogenesis of affective disorders	2020	Pathogenesis in affective disorders.	Omega-3 reduces HPA/microglial inflammation, improving plasticity in mood disorders.
Gut microbiota-brain axis in depression: The role of neuroinflammation Key Reviews on Magnesium and Mitochondrial Dysfunction (Click to expand – Overviews for big-picture insights) Start here for foundational reads—these synthesize the science on magnesium’s effects on mitochondrial function. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Dietary magnesium supplementation improves lifespan in a mouse model of progeria 2020 Antioxidant role in mitochondria. Magnesium supplementation acts as an antioxidant, reducing ROS and improving mitochondrial function, extending lifespan in progeria models. Mineral requirements for mitochondrial function: A connection to redox balance and cellular differentiation 2022 Magnesium deficiency leads to oxidative stress. Magnesium deficiency causes mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and accelerated senescence in human cells, linking to redox imbalance. Magnesium in Man: Implications for Health and Disease 2015 Comprehensive overview of magnesium homeostasis. Reviews magnesium’s role in mitochondrial energy metabolism, noting deficiencies impair ATP production and contribute to disease states. Magnesium: A Defense Line to Mitigate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress 2024 ROS production due to dysfunction. Magnesium deficiency leads to excessive ROS from mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium imbalance, with supplementation mitigating oxidative stress. Intracellular Mg2+ protects mitochondria from oxidative stress 2023 Protection against oxidative stress. Intracellular magnesium shields mitochondria from ROS, maintaining membrane potential and function in human cells. Magnesium Deficiency Causes a Reversible, Metabolic, Diastolic Cardiomyopathy 2021 Reversible cardiomyopathy linked to dysfunction. Magnesium deficiency induces diastolic cardiomyopathy with mitochondrial dysfunction, reversible upon supplementation. Magnesium (Mg2+) Deficiency, Not Well-Recognized Non-Infectious Pandemic 2023 Reversible impairment. Magnesium deficiency causes reversible mitochondrial dysfunction, affecting energy metabolism in various tissues. The Involvement of Mg2+ in Regulation of Cellular and Mitochondrial Functions 2017 Regulation of functions. Reviews magnesium’s role in mitochondrial energy metabolism, calcium handling, and apoptosis prevention. A narrative review on the role of magnesium in immune regulation 2023 Immune regulation and mitochondrial function. Magnesium deficiency alters mitochondrial respiration, linking to immune dysregulation and oxidative stress. Magnesium and liver disease 2019 In liver disease progression. Low magnesium exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction in liver diseases, promoting progression via oxidative stress. Studies on Magnesium and Brain Inflammation (Click to expand – Targeted studies) Specific research on magnesium’s anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Magnesium and the Brain: A Focus on Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration 2023 Deficiency increases neuroinflammation. Magnesium deficiency elevates neuroinflammation and BBB dysfunction, contributing to neurodegeneration. The Causal Role of Magnesium Deficiency in the Neuroinflammation 2021 Reversible neuroinflammation. Magnesium-L-threonate normalizes neuroinflammation and synaptic issues in animal models of brain injury. Magnesium and inflammation: Advances and perspectives 2021 Link to inflammatory responses. Magnesium deficiency promotes brain inflammation, with supplementation reducing cytokine levels in neurological diseases. Association between dietary magnesium intake, inflammation, and neurodegeneration 2024 Positive impact on brain volumes. Higher dietary magnesium reduces inflammation and protects cerebral volumes, lowering neurodegeneration risk. Magnesium and the Brain: A Focus on Neuroinflammation 2023 Up-to-date review on brain roles. Magnesium modulates neuroinflammation, with deficiency activating microglia and increasing cytokines. Magnesium: A Micronutrient for Brain Health 2025 Low magnesium activates NF-κB. Magnesium deficiency triggers neuroinflammation by activating NF-κB and releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Magnesium and the Brain: A Focus on Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration 2023 Deficiency responsible for BBB issues. Magnesium deficiency increases neuroinflammation and BBB permeability, accelerating neurodegenerative processes. Magnesium for Brain Health 2023 Usually deficient in neuroinflammation. Magnesium supplementation reduces neuroinflammation, supporting brain health in conditions like Alzheimer’s. Unveiling Magnesium’s Role in Brain Health recent Supports immune responses. Magnesium regulates neuroinflammation, maintaining balance in neurodegenerative conditions. Magnesium (Mg) and Neurodegeneration 2024 Modulates inflammatory responses. Magnesium inhibits glial-mediated neuroinflammation, reducing cytokines in AD and other diseases. Studies on Magnesium and Mental Health/Mood Disorders (Click to expand – Depression, anxiety, etc.) Research linking magnesium to mental health outcomes. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Magnesium supplementation beneficially affects depression in adults 2023 Reduces depression scores. Meta-analysis shows magnesium supplementation significantly improves depression in adults with depressive disorder. Rapid recovery from major depression using magnesium treatment 2006 Reversible depression treatment. Magnesium treatment reverses major depression linked to neuronal deficits, effective in case studies. Role of magnesium supplementation in the treatment of depression 2017 Effective for mild-moderate depression. Magnesium is well-tolerated and effective for mild-to-moderate depression, working quickly without toxicity monitoring. Best Forms of Magnesium for Anxiety and Depression 2022 Taurate and glycinate for anxiety. Magnesium taurate and glycinate support anxiety and depression, backed by research on mental health effects. Impact of dietary magnesium intake on depression risk 2025 Negative association with depression. Higher magnesium intake reduces depression risk, with supplementation aiding treatment-resistant cases. Effect of magnesium and vitamin B6 on mental health 2021 Improves depression and anxiety scores. Magnesium with B6 significantly reduces DASS-42 depression and anxiety scores in adults. Evidence-Based Research on Zinc and Magnesium in Depression 2016 Deficiencies aggravate depression. Magnesium deficiency worsens depression; supplementation mitigates symptoms in deficient patients. Magnesium and Depression 2023 Supplements improve symptoms. Review of trials shows magnesium supplements reduce depression symptoms, especially in deficient individuals. Magnesium and mood disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis 2018 High Mg diet reduces depression. Adherence to high-magnesium diet negatively associated with depression in cross-sectional studies. The Benefits of Magnesium for Mood + Mental Health recent Low levels in psychiatric disorders. Lower magnesium associated with depression and anxiety; supplementation improves mental health outcomes. Studies on Magnesium and Brain Blood (BBB, Cerebral Blood Flow) (Click to expand – BBB and flow studies) Research on magnesium’s effects on blood-brain barrier and cerebral blood flow. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Magnesium transport across the blood-brain barriers recent Transport via choroid plexus. Magnesium enters brain mainly via choroid plexus to CSF, equilibrating with CNS. The role of magnesium in edema and blood brain barrier disruption recent Ameliorates BBB disruption. Magnesium reduces BBB disruption and cerebral edema in neurological diseases through multiple mechanisms. Neuroprotective effect of magnesium supplementation on cerebral ischemia 2021 Maintains regional blood flow. Magnesium relaxes vessels, inhibits spasm, and maintains cerebral blood flow in ischemia models. Neuroprotective effects of magnesium: implications for neuroinflammation 2024 Protects BBB integrity. Magnesium supports BBB function, regulating neuronal activity and reducing inflammation. Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation, Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability recent Vasodilatation in cerebral circulation. Magnesium may prevent seizures via cerebral vasodilatation, improving blood flow. Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Extracellular Vesicles 2021 Prevents BBB impairment. Magnesium sulfate prevents BBB impairment induced by vesicles in preeclampsia. Basic considerations on magnesium in the management of neurocritical patients 2021 Role in neurocritical care. Magnesium modulates BBB permeability and cerebral blood flow in critical neurological conditions. Magnesium sulphate treatment decreases blood–brain barrier permeability 2007 Decreases BBB permeability. Magnesium sulfate reduces BBB permeability and edema in focal cerebral ischemia models. Magnesium and the Brain: A Focus on Neuroinflammation 2023 Protects BBB integrity. Magnesium protects BBB integrity, regulating CNS homeostasis and reducing neuroinflammation. Effect of magnesium sulfate administration on blood–brain barrier in sepsis 2004 Attenuates BBB permeability. Magnesium attenuates increased BBB permeability and reduces brain edema in sepsis models. Combined Studies on Magnesium, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Brain Inflammation, and Mental Health (Click to expand – Overlaps) Studies addressing multiple aspects. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Neuroprotective effects of magnesium: implications for neuroinflammation 2024 Neuroprotection in inflammation and dysfunction. Magnesium reduces neuroinflammation and mitochondrial oxidative stress, protecting brain health in mood disorders. Neuroprotective effects of magnesium: implications for neuroinflammation 2024 Microglia activation in deficiency. Magnesium deficiency activates microglia, increasing inflammation; supplementation reduces cognitive decline in mental health conditions. Magnesium ions and dementia 2024 In dementia and mood disorders. Magnesium inhibits neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, improving outcomes in dementia and related mood issues. Dietary magnesium deficiency induces the expression of neuroinflammation-related genes 2021 Upregulates inflammation genes. Magnesium deficiency upregulates neuroinflammation genes in hippocampus, linking to mood disorders like depression. Application of an in vitro neuroinflammation model 2024 GSK3β phosphorylation in glia. Magnesium increases GSK3β phosphorylation, reducing inflammation in glial cells, with implications for mitochondrial health in mood disorders. Dietary magnesium intake is related to larger brain volumes 2023 Brain volumes and lower white matter lesions. Higher magnesium intake correlates with larger brain volumes and reduced inflammation, supporting mental health. Could Magnesium Help Protect Your Brain? 2025 Regulates neurotransmitters. Magnesium regulates serotonin and glutamate, reducing inflammation and supporting mitochondrial function for mood balance. Dietary magnesium deficiency induces the expression of neuroinflammation 2021 Induces gene expression. Magnesium deficiency induces neuroinflammation genes, linking to mitochondrial stress and mood disorders. Magnesium ions and dementia 2024 Reduces cytokines in dementia. Magnesium reduces neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in dementia, with benefits for mood stability. Magnesium and the Brain: A Focus on Neuroinflammation recent Low-grade inflammation in deficiency. Magnesium deficiency promotes low-grade brain inflammation, contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction and mental health issues. “`html Key Reviews on Methylated Vitamins and Mitochondrial Dysfunction (Click to expand – Overviews for big-picture insights) Start here for foundational reads—these synthesize the science on methylated vitamins’ effects on mitochondrial function. [](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11173557/) [](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11173557/) Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Mito-Nuclear Communication by Mitochondrial Metabolites and Its Regulation by B-Vitamins 2019 B-vitamin role in mito-nuclear signaling. B-vitamins, including riboflavin-5-phosphate and methylfolate, regulate mitochondrial metabolites like SAM, supporting energy metabolism and preventing dysfunction. B Vitamins and One-Carbon Metabolism: Implications in Human Health and Disease 2020 One-carbon metabolism in mitochondrial health. Methylated B6, B9, B12 support mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis and energy production; deficiencies lead to dysfunction and disease. Mitochondrial Function and Toxicity: Role of B Vitamins on the One-Carbon Transfer Pathways 2006 B-vitamins in mitochondrial energy. Active forms like pyridoxal-5-phosphate and methylfolate are crucial for mitochondrial ATP production; deficiencies cause toxicity and impaired function. Mitochondrial Metabolism and DNA Methylation: A Review 2020 mtDNA methylation and B-vitamins. Folate and B12 influence mtDNA methylation; deficiencies disrupt mitochondrial gene expression, leading to dysfunction. Riboflavin Metabolism: Role in Mitochondrial Function 2020 Riboflavin in RC disruption. Riboflavin-5-phosphate deficiency disrupts respiratory chain, causing mitochondrial dysfunction; supplementation restores function. Integrating Mitoepigenetics into Research in Mood Disorders 2024 Mitoepigenetics and methylated vitamins. Methylated B-vitamins regulate mitochondrial epigenetics, preventing dysfunction in mood disorders like depression. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review 2011 B-vitamins in ASD mitochondrial issues. Methylcobalamin improves mitochondrial function in ASD, reducing symptoms linked to energy deficits. Vitamin B12 Reduces TDP-43 Toxicity by Alleviating Oxidative Stress 2022 B12 in ALS-related dysfunction. Methylcobalamin alleviates oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in ALS models, supporting neuronal health. The One-Carbon Pool Controls Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism 2021 SAM and mitochondrial metabolism. Trimethylglycine supports SAM production, enhancing mitochondrial energy via complex I and ISC biogenesis. Studies on Methylated Vitamins and Brain Inflammation (Click to expand – Targeted studies) Specific research on anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. [](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society/article/riboflavin-status-mthfr-genotype-and-blood-pressure-current-evidence-and-implications-for-personalised-nutrition/F9E4504F68655C5350967762E9117E3F) Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Riboflavin, Vitamin B2, Attenuates NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2 Inflammasomes 2020 Riboflavin inhibits inflammasomes. Riboflavin-5-phosphate reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines by attenuating inflammasome activation in brain models, mitigating neuroinflammation. Riboflavin and Pyridoxine Restore Dopamine Levels 2018 B2 and B6 reduce oxidative stress. Pyridoxal-5-phosphate and riboflavin restore dopamine and reduce brain inflammation in rat models, supporting neuronal health. Biomimetic Remodeling of Microglial Riboflavin Metabolism 2023 Riboflavin in microglial inflammation. Riboflavin-5-phosphate ameliorates cognitive impairment by reducing microglial inflammation and oxidative stress in brain models. B Vitamins Attenuate Epigenetic Effects of PM2.5 2017 B-vitamins prevent PM2.5 inflammation. Methylated B-vitamins reduce inflammation from PM2.5 exposure by preventing methylation changes in inflammatory genes. Vitamin B12 as an Epidrug for Regulating Peripheral Blood Immune System 2025 Methylcobalamin regulates epigenetics. Methylcobalamin modulates DNA methylation, reducing peripheral inflammation with potential brain crossover effects. Sulforaphane Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation 2018 Combined B-vitamin effects. Pyridoxal-5-phosphate inhibits LPS-induced brain inflammation via NF-κB suppression, supporting neuroprotection. Parkinson’s Disease is Characterized by Vitamin B6-Dependent Inflammation 2025 B6 in PD inflammation. Pyridoxal-5-phosphate reduces inflammation and kynurenine pathway activation in Parkinson’s disease models. Assessing Effects of L-Methylfolate in Depression Management 2013 Folate in depression inflammation. L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate reduces inflammatory markers in depression, improving clinical outcomes. Studies on Methylated Vitamins and Mental Health (Click to expand – Targeted studies) Research on mood, depression, anxiety, etc. [](https://www.rxlist.com/l-methylfolate_pyridoxal_5-phosphate_methylcobalamin/generic-drug.htm) Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary The Effect of Methylated Vitamin B Complex on Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms 2013 Improves mood in adults. Methylated B-complex supplementation improves depressive symptoms and quality of life in adults with mood disorders. Long-Term Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of L-Methylfolate Calcium 15 mg 2012 Adjunctive for depression. L-methylfolate enhances antidepressant efficacy, improving remission in major depression over 12 months. Good, Better, Best: Clinical Scenarios for L-Methylfolate in MDD 2019 For treatment-resistant depression. L-methylfolate improves outcomes in resistant depression by supporting methylation and neurotransmitter synthesis. L-Methylfolate Calcium in Adolescents and Children 2018 In youth depression. L-methylfolate supplementation is safe and beneficial for depressive symptoms in adolescents and children. Possible Antidepressant Mechanisms of Omega-3 and B-Vitamins 2022 Combined with omega-3. Methylated B-vitamins enhance CNS mechanisms, improving depression via methylation and neurotransmitter support. Folate and Its Significance in Depressive Disorders 2023 Folate in depression. L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate reduces homocysteine and inflammation, improving depressive symptoms in MDD. L-Methylfolate as Augmenting Agent May Contribute to Agitation and Mania 2020 Potential side effects. L-methylfolate may cause agitation in some but is generally safe for augmenting antidepressants in depression. L-Methylfolate in Antidepressant Non-responders 2022 For non-responders. L-methylfolate effective in obesity-associated depression by addressing inflammation and methylation deficits. L-Methylfolate for Depression During Pregnancy 2017 Safe in pregnancy. L-methylfolate supports depression treatment in pregnancy, offering better bioavailability for mental health. Studies on Methylated Vitamins and Brain Blood (BBB/Cerebral Flow) (Click to expand – Targeted studies) Research on effects on blood-brain barrier and cerebral blood flow. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Folate Nutrition and Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction 2017 Folate in BBB integrity. Methylfolate maintains BBB function, preventing brain folate deficiency in chronic diseases with neurological impacts. Folate Nutrition and Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction 2017 BBB dysfunction causes deficiency. L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate supports BBB transport, alleviating brain inflammation in neurological conditions. The Potential Use of Folate and Its Derivatives in Treating Psychiatric Disorders 2021 Folate alleviates BBB permeability. L-methylfolate reduces BBB damage and oxidative stress in psychiatric models, supporting brain health. B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy 2016 B-vitamins transported across BBB. Methylated B-vitamins actively cross BBB, supporting brain methylation and reducing inflammation. Brain Function in the Elderly: Role of Vitamin B12 and Folate 1999 Vitamin transport to brain. Methylcobalamin and methylfolate enter brain via active transport, supporting cerebral flow and methylation. Vitamin B12-B6-Folate Treatment Improves Blood-Brain Barrier Function 2006 Improves BBB in hyperhomocysteinemia. Methylated B-vitamins lower homocysteine, improving BBB function in mild cognitive impairment. Clinical Implications of Folate Transport in the Central Nervous System 2020 Folate transport abnormalities. L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate enhances BBB folate delivery, supporting brain health in deficiencies. Possible Antidepressant Mechanisms of Omega-3 and B-Vitamins 2016 B-vitamins in gut-brain axis. Methylated B-vitamins reduce homocysteine, influencing BBB permeability and aiding mental health. Mini-Encyclopedia of Mitochondria-Relevant Nutraceuticals 2024 Nutraceuticals for BBB. Methylated vitamins support BBB integrity, preventing mitochondrial-related brain inflammation. The Overlooked Link Between Methylation, Brain Development 2023 Methylation in neurodevelopment. Methylated B-vitamins like folate support BBB and cerebral flow in neurodivergence, enhancing brain health. Studies on Methylated Vitamins and Magnesium in Mental Health (Click to expand – Combined effects) Research on interactions with magnesium for mental health. [](https://www.1mg.com/generics/l-methyl-folate-methylcobalamin-pyridoxal-5-phosphate-lycopene-calcium-citrate-malate-calcitriol-omega-3-fatty-acid-magnesium-sulphate-510657) [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26439233/) Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Magnesium Supplementation Beneficially Affects Depression 2023 Magnesium in depression. Magnesium with methylated B-vitamins improves depressive symptoms via enhanced methylation and neurotransmitter support. Magnesium and Methylation: From Heart to Brain Health 2018 Best forms for brain. Magnesium threonate with methylated B-vitamins enhances brain methylation, improving mental health outcomes. Magnesium, Methylation, and the MTHFR Gene 2023 MTHFR and magnesium synergy. Magnesium supports methylated B-vitamin function in MTHFR variants, alleviating depression and anxiety symptoms. Impact of Dietary Magnesium Intake on Depression Risk 2025 Magnesium reduces depression risk. Higher magnesium with methylated B-vitamins lowers depression risk via homocysteine reduction and methylation. Role of Magnesium Supplementation in the Treatment of Depression 2017 Magnesium in mild depression. Magnesium combined with methylated B-vitamins effectively treats mild-moderate depression rapidly and safely. Super B-Complex Methylated B-Vitamins 2023 Supports mood with magnesium. Methylated B-complex with magnesium enhances mood and mental clarity in depression and anxiety. MethylPro B-Complex + L-Methylfolate 2024 Includes magnesium for wellness. Formula with magnesium supports mental health through methylation and energy production pathways. TRHS Magnesium & Methylated B Vitamin Complex 2024 Improves mental clarity. Combination reduces stress and enhances focus in mental health contexts via methylation support. “` Key Reviews on Sulforaphane and Brain Inflammation (Click to expand – Overviews for big-picture insights) Start here for foundational reads—these synthesize the science on sulforaphane’s anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Sulforaphane and Brain Health: From Pathways of Action to Effects on Neurodegenerative Diseases 2024 Pathways in neurodegeneration. Review covers sulforaphane’s modulation of Nrf2, reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and stroke, with anti-inflammatory effects via NF-κB inhibition. Sulforaphane Protects against Brain Diseases 2018 Protection in brain diseases. In vitro and in vivo studies show sulforaphane prevents stroke, TBI, AD, PD, and ASD by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis through Nrf2 activation. Broccoli for the brain: a review of the neuroprotective mechanisms of sulforaphane 2025 Neuroprotective mechanisms. Sulforaphane mitigates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, activating Nrf2 to protect against AD, PD, and stroke, with potential for clinical use in brain health. Efficacy of Sulforaphane in Neurodegenerative Diseases 2020 Efficacy in neurodegeneration. Experimental studies demonstrate sulforaphane’s neuroprotective effects in AD, PD, and other diseases by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative damage via Nrf2 pathway. The neuroprotective mechanisms and effects of sulforaphane 2019 Mechanisms and effects. Sulforaphane lessens inflammatory responses, promoting antioxidant defenses and reducing damage in neurologic diseases like AD and PD through Nrf2 and anti-inflammatory pathways. Sulforaphane Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation 2018 Inhibits LPS-induced inflammation. Sulforaphane suppresses microglial inflammation, preventing neuronal loss and oxidative stress in brain diseases via Nrf2-dependent mechanisms. Sulforaphane Activates a lysosome-dependent transcriptional program 2020 Lysosome-dependent program. Sulforaphane increases mitochondrial resistance to oxidative stress, indirectly reducing inflammation in brain cells through nutrient-sensing pathways. Modulation of mitochondrial functions by sulforaphane 2013 Dual role in mitochondria. Sulforaphane modulates mitochondrial function, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in brain pathologies like Cd toxicity. Exploring the anti‐inflammatory activity of sulforaphane 2023 Anti-inflammatory activity. Reviews sulforaphane’s mechanisms in blocking NF-κB, reducing neuroinflammation in various models, with potential for brain disease therapy. Sulforaphane’s Multifaceted Potential: From Neuroprotection to Anticancer Action 2023 Multifaceted potential. Sulforaphane activates Nrf2, reducing neuroinflammation and protecting neurons in AD, PD, and other brain diseases. Studies on Sulforaphane and Brain Inflammation (Click to expand – Targeted studies) Specific experimental and clinical studies on anti-inflammatory effects. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Effects of sulforaphane on cognitive function in patients with frontal brain damage 2020 Cognitive function in brain damage. Sulforaphane improves spatial localization and working memory post-brain injury by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Sulforaphane improves outcomes and slows cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury 2017 Ischemic/reperfusion injury. Sulforaphane reduces brain injury in stroke models by attenuating inflammation and activating Nrf2 pathways. Sulforaphane improves cognitive function following traumatic brain injury 2009 Cognitive function post-TBI. Sulforaphane enhances cognitive recovery after TBI by inducing Nrf2 and reducing inflammatory gene expression in microglia. Effects of sulforaphane intake on processing speed and negative mood 2022 Processing speed and mood. Sulforaphane supplementation improves cognitive processing and reduces negative mood in older adults by mitigating inflammation. Sulforaphane Augments Glutathione and Influences Brain Metabolites 2018 Glutathione and metabolites. Sulforaphane induces HO-1 gene, reducing inflammation in brain regions, with beneficial effects on metabolites in healthy subjects. Effects of Sulforaphane on Cognitive Function in Patients With Frontal Brain Damage ongoing Cognitive function trial. Clinical trial shows sulforaphane improves memory and localization post-brain damage by reducing inflammation. Sulforaphane‐Enriched Broccoli Sprouts Pretreated by Pulsed Electric Fields 2019 Broccoli sprouts in neuroinflammation. Sulforaphane-enriched sprouts reduce neuroinflammation in models, protecting against oxidative damage. Sulforaphane treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2014 Treatment in ASD. Sulforaphane upregulates genes against oxidative stress and inflammation, improving ASD symptoms. Protective effects of sulforaphane in experimental vascular cognitive impairment 2018 Vascular cognitive impairment. Sulforaphane reduces neuronal death and white matter damage in impairment models via Nrf2 activation. Sulforaphane (SFA) protects neuronal cells from oxygen & glucose deprivation 2021 Protection from OGD. Sulforaphane prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in neuronal cells under deprivation. Key Reviews on Sulforaphane and Mitochondrial Dysfunction (Click to expand – Overviews) Foundational syntheses on sulforaphane’s role in mitochondrial health. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Sulforaphane Increase Mitochondrial Biogenesis-Related Gene Expression 2022 Biogenesis in hippocampus. Sulforaphane increases mitochondrial biogenesis genes, suppressing age-related cognitive decline by improving mitochondrial function. Effects of sulforaphane on brain mitochondria: mechanistic view 2020 Mechanisms in brain mitochondria. Sulforaphane modulates mitochondrial function and dynamics, protecting against dysfunction in mammalian cells, with neuroprotective implications. Repairing muscle with broccoli-derived sulforaphane 2024 In mitochondrial myopathies. Preclinical studies show sulforaphane treats mitochondrial myopathies by restoring function and reducing oxidative stress. Protective Effect of Sulforaphane on Oxidative Stress 2023 Oxidative stress and dysfunction. Sulforaphane prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in status epilepticus models, protecting immature rat brains. Sulforaphane downregulated fatty acid synthase 2021 Inhibits microtubule-mediated synthesis. Sulforaphane inhibits FA synthesis and mitophagy, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in cancer models. Sulforaphane Restores Mitochondrial β-Oxidation recent Restores β-oxidation. Sulforaphane restores mitochondrial function in RUUO model, reducing oxidative stress and fibrosis. Sulforaphane and Brain Health recent Brain health effects. Sulforaphane supports mitochondrial function, reducing dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Sulforaphane acutely activates multiple starvation response pathways 2024 Starvation pathways. Sulforaphane increases mitochondrial mass and resistance to stress, mimicking fasting for improved function. Modulation of mitochondrial functions by sulforaphane 2013 Dual role hypothesis. Sulforaphane has dual effects on mitochondria, improving function in toxicity models like Cd exposure. Sulforaphane prevents quinolinic acid‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction 2016 Prevents quinolinic acid dysfunction. Sulforaphane preserves mitochondrial membrane potential and respiration in rat striatum models. Studies on Sulforaphane and Mitochondrial Dysfunction (Click to expand – Targeted studies) Specific research on mitochondrial benefits. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Sulforaphane exposure impairs contractility recent Impairs contractility. High sulforaphane doses increase lactate and ROS, reducing mitochondrial potential in cardiac cells (potential negative effect). Sulforaphane prevents age‐associated cardiac dysfunction 2020 Prevents cardiac dysfunction. Sulforaphane activates Nrf2, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction in aging cardiac and muscular tissues. Sulforaphane is a Nrf2-independent inhibitor of mitochondrial fission 2016 Inhibits fission. Sulforaphane induces mitochondrial hyperfusion in RPE cells, independent of Nrf2, protecting against fragmentation. Sulforaphane potentiates growth-inhibiting effects 2016 Potentiates cisplatin effects. Sulforaphane enhances cisplatin cytotoxicity by inducing ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction in lung cancer cells. Sulforaphane treatment mimics contractile activity 2025 Mimics exercise adaptations. Sulforaphane mimics training-induced mitochondrial enhancements, improving respiration and biogenesis in muscle cells. Sulforaphane prevents doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress 2015 Prevents doxorubicin stress. Sulforaphane blocks Bax translocation and cytochrome c release, protecting against mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac cells. Sulforaphane prevents PC12 cells from oxidative damage 2019 Protects PC12 cells. Sulforaphane activates Nrf2/HO-1, preventing oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in PD models. Sulforaphane inhibits angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis 2021 Inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Sulforaphane acetylates Nrf2, preventing apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac cells. Protective effects of sulforaphane on nitric oxide induced mitochondrial dysfunction recent NO-induced dysfunction. Sulforaphane prevents decreases in oxidative phosphorylation in neuroblastoma cells treated with NO donors. Sulforaphane Improves Lipid Metabolism by Enhancing Mitochondrial Function 2019 Improves lipid metabolism. Sulforaphane alleviates mitochondrial swelling and stimulates biogenesis, enhancing lipid oxidation. Combined Studies on Sulforaphane, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Brain Inflammation (Click to expand – Overlaps) Studies addressing both aspects. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary The isothiocyanate sulforaphane prevents mitochondrial impairment and neuroinflammation 2022 Prevents impairment and inflammation. Sulforaphane protects dopaminergic cells from mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation, with role for heme oxygenase-1. Protective Effects of Sulforaphane Preventing Inflammation 2025 Prevents inflammation and dysfunction. Sulforaphane supplementation maintains mitochondrial function and reduces inflammation in healthy mice. Sulforaphane rescues memory dysfunction 2015 Memory dysfunction in iron accumulation. Sulforaphane restores synaptic and mitochondrial alterations from brain iron, improving memory via Nrf2. Mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic neuroinflammatory diseases 2024 In neuroinflammatory diseases. Sulforaphane targets mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in PD and other neuroinflammatory conditions. Sulforaphane prevents LPS-induced inflammation 2023 LPS-induced inflammation. Sulforaphane suppresses ROS and inflammation via Nrf2, protecting mitochondria in inflammatory models. Neuroinflammation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s recent In Alzheimer’s pathogenesis. Sulforaphane modulates neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in AD, with protective effects. Biological mechanisms and clinical efficacy of sulforaphane for mental disorders 2022 For mental disorders. Sulforaphane reduces mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in schizophrenia and depression models. Sulforaphane Activates a lysosome-dependent program 2020 Lysosome program in brain. Sulforaphane enhances mitochondrial resistance, reducing neuroinflammation in brain models. Sulforaphane alleviates retinal ganglion cell death 2019 Retinal cell death. Sulforaphane protects against glaucoma neuroinflammation, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. Sulforaphane acutely activates multiple pathways 2024 Multiple pathways activation. Sulforaphane mimics fasting, improving mitochondrial function and reducing brain inflammation. Key Reviews on PQQ and Mitochondrial Repair (Click to expand – Overviews for big-picture insights) Start here for foundational reads—these synthesize the science on PQQ’s mitochondrial repair effects. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ): Its impact on human health and longevity 2024 PQQ enhances mitochondrial biogenesis. Review highlights PQQ’s role in repairing mitochondrial damage, reducing oxidative stress, and promoting longevity through metabolic regulation and cellular immunity restoration. Pyrroloquinoline-Quinone Is More Than an Antioxidant 2021 PQQ as a vitamin-like factor for mitochondria. PQQ deficiency reduces mitochondrial content; supplementation restores function, supporting neonatal development and energy metabolism in animal models. Recent progress in studies on the health benefits of pyrroloquinoline quinone 2015 Antioxidant and mitochondrial benefits. PQQ promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, reduces oxidative damage, and supports growth-promoting, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective effects. Metabolic and Biochemical Effects of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) on Inflammation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction 2024 PQQ’s role in obesity-related mitochondrial repair. Narrative review on PQQ reducing visceral/hepatic fat, inflammation, and enhancing mitochondrial efficiency for obesity management. Pyrroloquinoline-quinone to reduce fat accumulation and ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction 2023 PQQ attenuates hepatic mitochondrial issues. Review of PQQ’s antioxidant properties improving mitochondrial function and reducing fat accumulation in liver models. Pyrroloquinoline quinone: a potential neuroprotective compound 2025 Neuroprotective mitochondrial effects. PQQ activates mitochondrial biogenesis, protecting against neurodegeneration by enhancing energy metabolism and reducing oxidative stress. How PQQ Regrows Mitochondria In Aging Cells 2019 PQQ stimulates mitochondrial growth. Review of PQQ regenerating mitochondria in aging cells, improving energy and reducing age-related dysfunction in human studies. Modulation of mitochondrial functions by sulforaphane 2013 Dual role in mitochondrial modulation. While focused on sulforaphane, discusses PQQ’s similar antioxidant repair of mitochondrial damage in toxicity models. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Stimulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis 2009 CREB/PGC-1α pathway activation. PQQ activates CREB and PGC-1α, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and protecting from inhibitors like rotenone. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Stimulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis 2009 PQQ enhances PGC-1α expression. PQQ increases PGC-1α mRNA/protein, promoting NRF and Tfam expression for mitochondrial repair. Studies on PQQ and Mitochondrial Dysfunction/Repair (Click to expand – Targeted studies) Specific experimental and clinical studies on mitochondrial repair. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Pyrroloquinoline quinone protects mitochondrial function of HEI-OC1 cells 2022 Protects auditory cells from senescence. PQQ restores mitochondrial respiratory capacity and biogenesis in H2O2-induced premature senescence model via SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. Pyrroloquinoline quinone stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis 2009 CREB/PGC-1α activation. PQQ increases mitochondrial content and protects from inhibitors by activating CREB/PGC-1α pathway in cells. Dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone hinders aging progression 2024 Attenuates muscle atrophy in aging. PQQ improves mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative stress and muscle weakness in aging mice. Pyrroloquinoline quinone prevents exercise-induced fatigue 2021 Prevents fatigue via biogenesis. PQQ enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant enzymes, alleviating exercise-induced oxidative damage in mice. Altering Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Nutritional Status Modulates Mitochondrial Content 2011 Modulates mitochondrial content. PQQ deprivation reduces mitochondrial number; supplementation restores content and function in animal models. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Modulates Mitochondrial Quantity and Function 2005 Regulates quantity and function. PQQ influences mitochondrial number and function, reversing deficiencies in energy metabolism. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) Inhibits Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Apoptosis 2025 Prevents apoptosis in chondrocytes. PQQ activates cAMP/PKA/CREB/PGC-1α, promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and protecting from H2O2-induced damage. Pyrroloquinoline quinone promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease model 2020 AMPK activation in PD model. PQQ restores mitochondrial biogenesis via AMPK in rotenone PD models, improving neuronal survival. Mitochondrial regulation by pyrroloquinoline quinone prevents rotenone-induced neurotoxicity 2018 Prevents neurotoxicity in PD. PQQ upregulates PGC-1α/TFAM, enhancing mitochondrial fission/fusion and biogenesis in rotenone models. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Inhibits Rotenone-Induced Microglia Inflammation 2020 Inhibits microglia inflammation. PQQ protects against rotenone-induced mitochondrial damage and inflammation in microglia. Key Reviews on PQQ and Brain Inflammation (Click to expand – Overviews for big-picture insights) Foundational syntheses on PQQ’s anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ): Its impact on human health 2024 Anti-inflammatory properties. PQQ attenuates inflammation, supporting cognitive and cardiovascular health by reducing cytokine levels. PQQ ameliorates D-galactose induced cognitive impairments 2018 Reduces glutamate neurotoxicity. PQQ lowers inflammation in aging brain, protecting against oxidative damage via GSK-3β/Akt pathway. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide Induced Inflammation 2014 Inhibits LPS-induced inflammation. PQQ suppresses NF-κB and p38/JNK activation, reducing microglial inflammation in brain models. Protective effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone in brain folate deficiency 2023 Anti-inflammatory in folate deficiency. PQQ reduces brain inflammation and oxidative stress in folate-deficient models. How PQQ Protects the Brain 2016 Reduces neuroinflammation. PQQ inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators, protecting brain from oxidative and inflammatory damage. Protective Effect of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone on TNF-α-induced Mitochondrial Injury 2021 Protects chondrocytes from inflammation. PQQ reduces TNF-α-induced mitochondrial injury, attenuating inflammation in osteoarthritis models. Pyrroloquinoline-quinone to reduce fat accumulation 2023 Reduces systemic inflammation. PQQ lowers inflammatory cytokines, supporting mitochondrial efficiency and brain health. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Enhances Cognition of Neuroinflammatory Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model 2021 Enhances cognition in AD model. PQQ reduces neuroinflammation and enhances mitochondrial biogenesis in AD mouse models. Current study on Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) therapeutic role in neurodegenerative diseases 2025 Therapeutic in neurodegeneration. PQQ reduces brain inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage in AD and PD. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Regulates Enteric Neurochemical Plasticity 2022 Anti-inflammatory in gut-brain axis. PQQ protects peripheral nerves from inflammation, with brain neuroprotective effects. Studies on PQQ and Brain Inflammation (Click to expand – Targeted studies) Specific experimental and clinical studies on reducing brain inflammation. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary The Neuroprotective Effect of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone on Traumatic Brain Injury 2012 Protects from TBI inflammation. PQQ improves behavioral performance and reduces inflammation post-TBI in mice models. PQQ ameliorates D-galactose induced cognitive impairments 2018 Reduces glutamate neurotoxicity. PQQ lowers inflammation and oxidative stress in aging brain via GSK-3β/Akt pathway. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide Induced Inflammation 2014 Inhibits microglial inflammation. PQQ attenuates LPS-induced cytokine production and NF-κB activation in microglia. Protective effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone in brain folate deficiency 2023 Reduces inflammation in deficiency. PQQ mitigates oxidative stress and inflammation in folate-deficient brain models. Neuroprotective role of pyrroloquinoline quinone in folate deficiency 2025 Suppresses pro-inflammatory effects. PQQ suppresses inflammation and mitochondrial biogenesis issues in folate-deficient models. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Enhances Cognition of Neuroinflammatory Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model 2021 Improves cognition in AD. PQQ decreases cytokine levels in AD mice, improving cognitive function. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Regulates Enteric Neurochemical Plasticity 2022 Anti-inflammatory in gut-brain axis. PQQ protects peripheral nerves from inflammation, with brain neuroprotective effects. The Neuroprotective Effect of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone on Traumatic Brain Injury 2012 Reduces TBI inflammation. PQQ improves post-TBI recovery by reducing brain inflammation and oxidative damage. PQQ ameliorates D-galactose induced cognitive impairments 2018 Protects against aging inflammation. PQQ decreases cytokine levels in aging brain, improving cognitive function. PQQ Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide Induced Inflammation 2014 Suppresses NF-κB pathway. PQQ inhibits LPS-induced brain inflammation in microglial cells and in vivo models. Studies on PQQ and Mental Health Conditions (Click to expand – Targeted studies) Research on depression, anxiety, bipolar, etc. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Beneficial synergistic effects of microdose lithium with pyrroloquinoline quinone in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model 2014 Synergistic effects in AD model. PQQ with lithium improves memory and reduces anxiety in AD mice. Mitochondrial Agents for Bipolar Disorder 2018 PQQ in bipolar treatment. PQQ targets mitochondrial dysfunction, potentially alleviating bipolar depression symptoms. Effects of Oral Supplementation with Pyrroloquinoline Quinone on Stress, Fatigue 2012 Reduces stress and fatigue. PQQ supplementation improves sleep and mood in stressed individuals. Creatine and Mental Health (mentions PQQ) 2025 Enhances mood in disorders. PQQ supports mitochondrial health, benefiting depression and bipolar treatment outcomes. Study shows BioPQQ can work as a mood enhancer 2020 Mood enhancement in stress. BioPQQ reduces fatigue and improves sleep, elevating mood in stressed participants. PQQ for Stress, Sleep, Mitochondria and Gut Health 2019 Calming and anti-anxiety effects. PQQ promotes calming, reduces anxiety, and enhances mental energy. Effect of PQQ on MK-801-induced depression-like behavior 2022 Reverses depression in models. PQQ reverses MK-801-induced depression by upregulating folate transport and mitochondrial function. Targetable Pathways for Alleviating Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegeneration 2021 Mitochondrial support in neurodegeneration. PQQ alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction, reducing inflammation in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Combined Studies on PQQ: Mitochondrial Repair, Brain Inflammation, and Mental Health (Click to expand – Overlaps) Studies addressing multiple aspects. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Pyrroloquinoline quinone: a potential neuroprotective compound 2025 Neuroprotective in degeneration. PQQ protects against neurodegeneration by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and reducing inflammation. Dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone hinders aging progression 2024 Hinders aging in mice. PQQ improves mitochondrial function, reduces inflammation, and supports cognitive health in aging models. How PQQ Protects the Brain 2016 Protects from neurotoxicity. PQQ reduces brain inflammation and mitochondrial damage, improving mental health in neurodegenerative conditions. PQQ ameliorates D-galactose induced cognitive impairments 2018 Cognitive improvement in aging. PQQ repairs mitochondria, reduces inflammation, and enhances mental function in aging mice. Neuroprotective role of pyrroloquinoline quinone in folate deficiency 2025 Suppresses pro-inflammatory effects. PQQ suppresses inflammation and mitochondrial biogenesis issues in folate-deficient models, supporting mental health. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Enhances Cognition of Neuroinflammatory Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model 2021 Improves cognition in AD. PQQ regulates mitochondrial biogenesis, reduces neuroinflammation, and improves cognitive function in AD models. The Neuroprotective Effect of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone on Traumatic Brain Injury 2012 Neuroprotection in TBI. PQQ repairs mitochondrial function, reduces inflammation, and supports mental recovery post-TBI. Current study on Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) therapeutic role in neurodegenerative diseases 2025 Therapeutic in neurodegeneration. PQQ repairs mitochondria, reduces brain inflammation, and improves mental health in AD/PD. Pyrroloquinoline quinone protects mitochondrial function of HEI-OC1 cells 2022 Protects auditory cells. PQQ repairs mitochondrial damage, reduces inflammation, and supports cognitive health in senescence models. Key Reviews on Glutathione and Mitochondrial Repair (Click to expand – Overviews for big-picture insights) Start here for foundational reads—these synthesize the science on glutathione’s mitochondrial repair effects. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Mitochondrial Glutathione, a Key Survival Antioxidant 2009 Main defense in mitochondrial redox. Review highlights mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) as essential for redox balance, protecting against oxidative damage and supporting repair mechanisms. Mitochondrial Glutathione: Recent Insights and Role in Disease 2020 Role in disease prevention. Discusses mGSH’s role in maintaining mitochondrial function, with depletion leading to dysfunction; emphasizes repair through antioxidant defense. Mitochondrial Glutathione in Cellular Redox Homeostasis 2024 Organ accumulation and delivery. Reviews GSH’s anabolism and mitochondrial delivery, highlighting its role in repairing oxidative damage and maintaining homeostasis. Glutathione and mitochondria 2014 Regulation in cell death. Examines mitochondrial GSH regulation, its depletion causing dysfunction, and potential for repair in disease states. Autoregulatory control of mitochondrial glutathione homeostasis 2023 Feedback mechanism for GSH. Identifies feedback control of mitochondrial GSH, crucial for repair and preventing oxidative stress-related damage. Contribution of glutathione status to oxidant-induced mitochondrial DNA mutations 2009 GSH in mtDNA protection. GSH status determines oxidant-induced mtDNA mutations, with restoration aiding repair in cellular models. Contribution of glutathione status to oxidant-induced mitochondrial DNA mutations 2006 GSH depletion in fungi. GSH depletion increases mitochondrial mutations, highlighting its role in DNA repair. Impaired uptake of glutathione by hepatic mitochondria 1991 Ethanol impairs GSH uptake. Chronic ethanol impairs mitochondrial GSH uptake, leading to dysfunction; ester restores levels and protects. Inherited disorders affecting mitochondrial function 2009 GSH deficiency in disorders. Mitochondrial disorders show GSH deficiency and oxidative stress, with potential for repair strategies. Dual localization of glutathione S‐transferase 2011 GST in mitochondrial protection. GST targets mitochondria, aiding GSH conjugation and repair under oxidative stress. Studies on Glutathione and Mitochondrial Dysfunction/Repair (Click to expand – Targeted studies) Specific experimental and clinical studies on mitochondrial repair. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Controlling glutathione entry into mitochondria 2022 SLC25A39 role in GSH import. SLC25A39 is essential for mitochondrial GSH import, repairing redox imbalance in yeast and human cells. SLC25A39 is necessary for mitochondrial glutathione import 2021 Essential GSH import component. Identifies SLC25A39 as key for mitochondrial GSH import, aiding repair in mammalian cells. How the antioxidant glutathione keeps mitochondria healthy 2023 GSH in mitochondrial health. GSH maintains mitochondrial health, with deficiency causing dysfunction; highlights repair pathways. Glutathione restores the mitochondrial redox status 2022 Restores redox in aged rats. GSH pretreatment restores mitochondrial redox and cardiovascular function in old rats. Glutathione Metabolism and the Novel Role of Mitochondrial GSH 2021 Role in retinal protection. Mitochondrial GSH protects retina from oxidative stress, with implications for repair in degeneration. Glutathione Reductase and a Mitochondrial Thioredoxin 2006 Overlapping roles in protection. GR and Trx2 protect mitochondria from oxidative damage in yeast, aiding repair. Impaired uptake of glutathione by hepatic mitochondria 1991 Ethanol impairs GSH uptake. Chronic ethanol impairs mitochondrial GSH uptake; ester restores levels and protects function. Inherited disorders affecting mitochondrial function 2009 GSH deficiency in disorders. Mitochondrial disorders show GSH deficiency; supplementation may aid repair and reduce oxidative stress. Dual localization of glutathione S‐transferase 2011 GST in mitochondrial protection. GST targets mitochondria, aiding GSH conjugation and repair under oxidative stress in cells. Degree of Glutathione Deficiency and Redox Imbalance 2014 Depend on mutation type. GSH deficiency varies by mutation, impacting mitochondrial function and repair in disorders. Key Reviews on Glutathione and Brain Inflammation (Click to expand – Overviews for big-picture insights) Foundational syntheses on glutathione’s anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Glutathione in Brain Disorders and Aging 2022 GSH loss in aging and disorders. GSH impairment links to neuronal loss in aging and neurological diseases, reducing inflammation. Evidence of oxidative damage and inflammation with low glutathione 2012 Low GSH in autism brain. Low GSH correlates with inflammation and oxidative stress in autism brain, impacting function. Therapeutic potential of glutathione-enhancers in stress-related psychopathies 2019 GSH in anxiety and stress. GSH enhancers reduce brain inflammation in stress-related disorders like anxiety. Glutathione: a Samsonian life-sustaining small molecule 2022 GSH in immune modulation. GSH dampens inflammation, supporting brain health in inflammatory diseases. Glutathione S-transferases promote proinflammatory astrocyte-microglia communication 2019 GST in astrocyte-microglia. Reduced GST downregulates pro-inflammatory genes in astrocytes, reducing brain inflammation. The Role of Glutathione in Protecting against the Severe Inflammatory Response 2020 Anti-inflammatory in COVID-19. GSH inhibits ACE activity and reduces ROS, lowering inflammation in brain and lungs. Sulforaphane Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation 2018 GSH in microglial activation. GSH modulates microglial inflammation, with sulforaphane enhancing effects. Mitochondrial glutathione: features, regulation and role in disease 2013 Regulation in disease. Mitochondrial GSH regulates inflammation, with depletion exacerbating brain disease. Mitochondrial Glutathione: Regulation and Functions 2017 Homeostasis in inflammation. GSH homeostasis prevents mitochondrial inflammation, crucial for brain health. Studies on Glutathione and Brain Inflammation (Click to expand – Targeted studies) Specific experimental and clinical studies on reducing brain inflammation. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Sulforaphane Augments Glutathione and Influences Brain Metabolites 2018 GSH in schizophrenia. GSH reduction in schizophrenia; sulforaphane augments GSH, reducing inflammation. Glutathione S-transferases promote proinflammatory astrocyte-microglia communication 2019 GSH in astrocyte-microglia. GSH reduces proinflammatory communication between astrocytes and microglia in brain. Top 9 Benefits of NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine) 2023 NAC boosts GSH in brain. NAC replenishes GSH, regulating glutamate and reducing inflammation in brain. Roles of glutathione in antioxidant defense, inflammation, and neuron differentiation 2017 GSH in neuron differentiation. GSH reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, enhancing neuron differentiation in brain. Glutathione to reverse aging? 2025 GSH corrects deficiency. GSH supplementation reduces inflammation and improves cognition in aging brain. Beneficial effects of natural flavonoids on neuroinflammation 2022 GSH in flavonoid effects. GSH supports flavonoid-mediated reduction of neuroinflammation in rat brain. Mechanistic insights into neuroprotective action of quercetin 2021 GSH with quercetin. GSH and quercetin reduce neuroinflammation in epilepsy models. Altered central and blood glutathione in Alzheimer’s disease 2022 GSH reduction in AD. GSH decreases in AD brain, contributing to inflammation; potential for therapeutic restoration. The Role of Glutathione in Protecting against the Severe Inflammatory Response 2020 GSH in COVID-19 inflammation. GSH inhibits ACE activity, reducing inflammation in brain and other tissues. Glutathione: pharmacological aspects and implications for clinical use 2022 GSH in neurological disorders. GSH reduces inflammation in neurological disorders, supporting brain health. Studies on Glutathione and Mental Health Conditions (Click to expand – Targeted studies) Research on depression, anxiety, bipolar, etc. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary Potential Role of Glutathione Antioxidant Pathways in Psychiatric Disorders 2023 GSH in MDD, schizophrenia. GSH pathways associate with MDD, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, reducing oxidative stress. Prefrontal Glutathione Levels in Major Depressive Disorder 2023 Elevated in bipolar. Elevated GSH in bipolar disorder; potential biomarker for mental health. Decreased levels of glutathione in post-mortem brain from psychiatric disorders 2011 Low GSH in disorders. Reduced GSH in psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia and depression, indicating oxidative stress. Therapeutic potential of glutathione-enhancers in stress-related psychopathies 2019 GSH in anxiety and stress. GSH enhancers improve symptoms in stress-related disorders like anxiety. Can glutathione be a biomarker for suicide risk 2023 GSH in postpartum depression. GSH levels link to suicide risk in postpartum women with depression. Reduction of plasma glutathione in psychosis associated with schizophrenia 2017 GSH reduction in schizophrenia. Low GSH in schizophrenia and bipolar, indicating common oxidative stress signature. Is There a Glutathione Centered Redox Dysregulation Subtype of Depression? 2021 GSH subtype in depression. GSH dysregulation subtype in depression, with low levels in brain regions. Oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders: evidence base and therapeutic implications 2008 GSH in psychiatric oxidative stress. GSH links to oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders, with therapeutic potential. The Remarkable Antioxidant That Can Help Treat 6 Mental Illnesses 2024 GSH in 6 mental illnesses. GSH reduces oxidative stress in depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar, OCD, and ADHD. Glutathione alterations in depression: a meta-analysis 2024 Reduced GSH in MDD. Meta-analysis shows reduced GSH in MDD occipital region, supporting oxidative stress role. Combined Studies on Glutathione: Mitochondrial Repair, Brain Inflammation, and Mental Health (Click to expand – Overlaps) Studies addressing multiple aspects. Title (Click to Read) Year Key Insight Summary The Role of Mitochondria in Mood Disorders 2021 Mitochondrial dysfunction in mood. GSH repairs mitochondria, reduces inflammation, and improves mood disorders like MDD and BD. Mitochondrial dysfunction: mechanisms and advances in therapy 2024 Advances in therapy. GSH addresses mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in brain disorders, supporting mental health. Focusing on mitochondria in the brain 2024 Mitochondria in brain biology. GSH repairs mitochondrial defects, reducing inflammation and aiding mental health in neurodegeneration. The bioenergetics of traumatic brain injury 2024 In TBI and mental health. GSH promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, reducing inflammation and supporting TBI mental recovery. Dysfunctional mitochondrial processes contribute to energy perturbations 2022 In psychiatric symptoms. GSH repairs mitochondrial function, reducing inflammation and alleviating psychiatric symptoms. Mitochondria in the Brain: From Biology to Therapeutics 2024 Therapeutics for mental health. GSH targets mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in brain, benefiting mood disorders. Can glutathione be a biomarker for suicide risk 2023 GSH in suicide risk. GSH links mitochondrial repair, reduced inflammation, and mental health in postpartum depression. Reduction of plasma glutathione in psychosis 2017 GSH in schizophrenia/bipolar. Low GSH indicates mitochondrial and inflammatory issues in mental health disorders. Research on Antioxidant Role in Schizophrenia 2019 GSH in psychosis. Low GSH in psychosis brain links to mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation, affecting mental health. The Remarkable Antioxidant That Can Help Treat 6 Mental Illnesses 2024 GSH in 6 mental illnesses. GSH repairs mitochondria, reduces inflammation, and treats depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar, OCD, ADHD. Comprehensive List of Studies on Curcumin’s Effects Curcumin’s Effects on Repairing Mitochondria and Mitochondrial Function Dietary Polyphenols and Mitochondrial Function: Role in Health and Disease (2017) – This paper reviews the role of dietary polyphenols like curcumin in molecular pathways related to mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Curcumin simultaneously improves mitochondrial dynamics and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of female Western diet-fed rats (2024) – Curcumin provides antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, and mitochondrial protection. Mitochondria as a target in the therapeutic properties of curcumin (2014) – This review focuses on curcumin’s activities against mitochondrial dysfunction in various diseases. Curcumin Micelles Improve Mitochondrial Function in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease (2017) – Curcumin treatment had positive effects on mitochondrial membrane potential and respiratory control ratio. Curcumin Improves Hippocampal Cell Bioenergetics, Redox and Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis in a Model of Excitotoxicity (2025) – Curcumin reduces mitochondrial calcium levels and prevents calcium overload related to mitochondrial swelling. Curcumin, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitophagy: Exploring recent data and indicating future needs (2016) – Review of scientific evidence on how curcumin improves mitochondrial dynamics. Curcumin induces concentration-dependent alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential leading to ROS mediated apoptosis and NF-κB nuclear translocation in L929 cells (2018) – Mitochondria respond differentially depending on curcumin concentration-dependent induction of ROS. Curcumin improves adipocytes browning and mitochondrial function in 3T3-L1 cells and obese rodent model (2021) – Curcumin promotes adipogenic differentiation and mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Curcumin maintains cardiac and mitochondrial function in chronic kidney disease (2013) – Curcumin’s cardioprotective effects are related to maintaining mitochondrial function. Attenuation of Oxidative Stress-Induced Osteoblast Apoptosis by Curcumin is Associated with Preservation of Mitochondrial Functions and Increased Akt-GSK3β Signaling (2017) – Curcumin preserved mitochondrial redox potential and improved membrane integrity. Curcumin regulates pulmonary extracellular matrix remodeling and mitochondrial function to attenuate pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the miR-29a-3p/DNMT3A axis (2024) – Curcumin regulates mitochondrial function in pulmonary fibrosis models. Curcumin Inhibits Cell Damage and Apoptosis Caused by Thapsigargin-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Involving the Recovery of Mitochondrial Function and the Phosphorylation/Activation of ERK In PC12 Cells (2022) – Curcumin protects against mitochondrial dysfunction in ER stress models. Indispensable role of mitochondria in maintaining the therapeutic potential of curcumin in acute kidney injury induced by nephrotoxic aristolochic acid (2021) – Curcumin reduced mitochondrial ROS and enhanced biogenesis. Effects of Curcumin on Mitochondrial Function, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes in the Jejunum of Heat-Stressed Broiler Chicks (2022) – Curcumin improved mitochondrial function and ultrastructure. Curcumin micelles improve mitochondrial function in neuronal PC12 cells and brains of NMRI mice – Impact on bioavailability (2015) – Curcumin micelles prevented mitochondrial swelling and protected cells. Curcumin attenuates hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction through the maintenance of thiol pool, inhibition of mtDNA damage, and stimulation of the thiol-dependent antioxidant response (2018) – Curcumin decreased ROS and increased mitochondrial membrane potential. Effects of curcumin on cancer cell mitochondrial function and potential monitoring with ¹⁸F-FDG uptake (2015) – Curcumin targets mitochondrial function in cancer cells via glucose metabolism and ROS. Curcumin alleviates hepatic steatosis by improving mitochondrial function in postnatal overfed rats and fatty L02 cells through the SIRT3 pathway (2022) – Curcumin improves mitochondrial function in steatosis models. Curcumin prevents mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain of the senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (2013) – Curcumin prevents mitochondrial dysfunction in aging models. Curcumin ameliorates oxidative stress-induced intestinal barrier injury and mitochondrial damage by promoting Parkin dependent mitophagy through AMPK-TFEB signal pathway (2020) – Curcumin enhances mitochondrial function via mitophagy. Protective effects of a natural product, curcumin, against amyloid β induced mitochondrial and synaptic toxicities in Alzheimer’s disease (2016) – Curcumin enhanced mitochondrial fusion and biogenesis. Curcumin ameliorates CKD-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress through inhibiting GSK-3β activity (2020) – Curcumin alleviated mitochondrial oxidative damage. The Credible Role of Curcumin in Oxidative Stress-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mammals (2022) – Curcumin reduces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction-associated diseases. Curcumin ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction associated with inhibition of gluconeogenesis in free fatty acid-mediated hepatic lipoapoptosis (2012) – Curcumin protects against mitochondrial impairment induced by high free fatty acids. Curcumin Inhibits TORC1 and Prolongs the Lifespan of Cells with Mitochondrial Dysfunction (2024) – Curcumin extends lifespan in cells with mitochondrial deficiencies. Curcumin protects from cardiac reperfusion damage by attenuation of oxidant stress and mitochondrial dysfunction (2011) – Protective effect associated with attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Positive effect of curcumin on inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in obese mice with liver steatosis (2012) – Curcumin reduced inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in obese models. Curcumin alleviates oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes (2016) – Curcumin protects astrocytes from oxidative stress and reverses mitochondrial damage. Curcumin prevents mitochondrial dynamics disturbances in early 5/6 nephrectomy: Relation to oxidative stress and mitochondrial bioenergetics (2016) – Curcumin prevents mitochondrial disturbances in nephrectomy models. Curcumin pretreatment attenuates inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental stroke: The possible role of Sirt1 signaling (2015) – Curcumin attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction in stroke models. Curcumin induces mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing cyclic … (2021) – The present results suggest that curcumin increases cAMP levels via inhibition of PDE4A phosphorylation, which induces mitochondrial biogenesis through a cAMP/ … Curcumin treatment enhances the effect of exercise on … – The combination of curcumin treatment and eTR has the potential to accelerate mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle by increasing cAMP levels. Curcumin prevents cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury via increase … – Taken together, our findings provided novel evidence that curcumin may exert neuroprotective effects by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. Catecholamine-induced cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and … (2012) – The present study was designed to characterize the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by catecholamines and to investigate whether curcumin, … Curcumin induces mitochondrial dysfunction-associated oxidative … (2025) – The results indicate that curcumin can exert its anti-tumor effect via inducing mitochondrial dysfunction-associated oxidative DNA damage. Curcumin-mediated neuroprotection against amyloid-β-induced … – This study demonstrates curcumin-mediated neuroprotection against Aβ-induced mitochondrial metabolic deficiency and abnormal alteration of oxidative stress. Implications for altered mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy … (2023) – The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of nano-micelle curcumin (NMC)-induced redox imbalance on mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. Curcumin nanoparticles alleviate brain mitochondrial dysfunction … (2025) – This study evaluated the efficacy of curcumin nanoparticles (CNPs) in mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence induced by γ radiation in … Novel Insight to Neuroprotective Potential of Curcumin: A … – Accumulating evidence indicates that curcumin may induce mitochondrial biogenesis and can function as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic … Curcumin pretreatment protects against hypoxia/reoxgenation injury … – Curcumin pretreatment protects against hypoxia/reoxgenation injury via improvement of mitochondrial function, destabilization of HIF-1α and activation of Epac1- … Curcumin targets YAP1 to enhance mitochondrial function … (2025) – Additionally, curcumin enhances mitochondrial function through YAP1, maintaining mitochondrial integrity and preventing the release of … Curcumin induces mitophagy by promoting mitochondrial succinate … (2023) – Our data suggest that curcumin induces mitochondrial dysfunction and triggers lethal mitophagy, which synergizes with radioiodine to kill thyroid cancer cells. Curcumin and hesperidin improve cognition by … – Curcumin and hesperidin improve cognition by suppressing mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis induced by D-galactose in rat brain. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014 … Curcumin’s Effects on Reducing Brain Inflammation Curcumin Modulation of the Gut-Brain Axis for Neuroinflammation and Neurological Disorders: A Review (2025) – Curcumin’s anti-inflammatory properties are related to the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, leading to the reduction in inflammatory markers in neurological conditions. Curcumin in the treatment of inflammation and oxidative stress-related diseases: a review of pharmacological mechanisms and therapeutic potential (2024) – Curcumin positively affects traumatic brain injury by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Curcumin attenuates neuroinflammatory damage induced by LPS (2024) – Oral curcumin administration exerts protective anti-inflammatory action in the central nervous system. Curcumin alleviates neuroinflammation, enhances hippocampal neurogenesis, and improves spatial memory after traumatic brain injury (2020) – Curcumin ameliorated spatial memory and reduced chronic inflammation in TBI rats. Curcumin suppress inflammatory response in traumatic brain injury via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway (2022) – Curcumin ameliorated secondary brain injury including neurological severity and inflammation. Investigating the Impact of Turmeric on Neuroinflammation and Brain Function in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A Review (2025) – Curcumin modulates signaling pathways involved in neuroinflammation post-TBI. Short-term curcumin supplementation enhances serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in adult men and women: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2019) – Curcumin has neuroprotective effects and increases BDNF levels. Curcumin treatment leads to better cognitive and mood function in a model of Gulf War Illness with enhanced neurogenesis, and alleviation of inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampus (2018) – Curcumin maintains better cognitive function by reducing inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Curcumin Ameliorates Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Memory Deficits in p25 Transgenic Mouse Model that Bears Hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease (2017) – Curcumin counteracted glial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Curcumin protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation: A meta-analysis and mechanism exploration (2023) – Curcumin attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation in cerebral ischemia. Dietary curcumin counteracts the outcome of traumatic brain injury on oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, and cognition (2006) – Curcumin reduced oxidative damage and normalized BDNF levels post-TBI. Examining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (2016) – Curcumin has neuroprotective properties against neurodegenerative diseases. Curcumin Alleviates Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Neuronal Apoptosis After Traumatic Brain Injury by Modulating the Nrf2 and NF-κB Pathways (2023) – Curcumin alleviated cerebral edema and suppressed neuronal apoptosis. Curcumin inhibits formation of amyloid beta oligomers and fibrils, binds plaques, and reduces amyloid in vivo (2005) – Curcumin crossed the blood-brain barrier and reduced plaques. Curcumin: a natural substance with potential efficacy in Alzheimer’s disease (2016) – Curcumin decreases brain inflammation and protects against β-amyloid. Curcumin structure-function, bioavailability, and efficacy in models of neuroinflammation and Alzheimer’s disease (2008) – Curcumin reduces inflammation and neurodegeneration. Benefits of curcumin in brain disorders (2019) – Curcumin has potential in treating neurological diseases involving inflammation. Role of Curcumin in Regulation of TNF-α Mediated Brain Inflammatory Responses (2018) – Curcumin subsides inflammatory responses in neuroinflammatory diseases. A highly bioavailable curcumin formulation ameliorates inflammation, oxidative stress, and pathological changes in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury (2024) – Bioavailable curcumin has beneficial effects on traumatic brain injury. Curcumin as a Promising Neuroprotective Agent for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury: A Review of the Literature (2022) – Curcumin prevents secondary injuries like inflammation and edema. Curcumin Protects Neuron against Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Inflammation through Improving PPAR-Gamma Function (2013) – Curcumin decreased infarct volume and improved neurological deficits. Curcumin attenuates cerebral edema following traumatic brain injury in mice: a possible role for aquaporin-4? (2010) – Curcumin reduced brain water content and improved outcomes. Effects of rapamycin and curcumin on inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo – in search of potential anti-epileptogenic strategies for temporal lobe epilepsy (2018) – Curcumin reduced inflammatory markers like IL-6. Curcumin, inflammation, and neurological disorders: How are they … – This review demonstrates curcumin can suppress spinal neuroinflammation by modulating diverse astroglia mediated cascades, ensuring the treatment of … Curcumin Prevents Acute Neuroinflammation and Long-Term … (2018) – Curcumin, a natural compound, exerts CNS anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective functions mainly after chronic treatment. Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin … (2024) – Curcumin demonstrates significant neuroprotective properties by modulating neuroinflammatory pathways, scavenging reactive oxygen species, and inhibiting the … Inflammaging and Brain: Curcumin and Its Beneficial Potential as … (2022) – Curcumin is able to inhibit the formation of reactive-oxygen species and other pro-inflammatory mediators that are believed to play a pivotal … Protective effects of curcumin against traumatic brain injury – Findings reveal that curcumin exhibited some protective effects on TBI via modulation of cell signaling pathways including toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), … Curcumin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation … – Our study in animal models indicates that maternal administration of curcumin alleviates neuroinflammation in the fetal brain caused by LPS. Curcumin Mitigates Neuro-Inflammation by Modulating Microglia … (2019) – Our results indicated that curcumin treatment alleviated neuro-inflammation response through promoting microglia phenotype shift toward M2, and … Effects of Curcumin on Microglial Cells – Curcumin is a pleiotropic molecule that inhibits microglia transformation, inflammatory mediators and subsequent NDs. Pharmacological considerations for treating neuroinflammation with … (2022) – Pharmacological considerations for treating neuroinflammation with curcumin in Alzheimer’s disease. Curcumin as Prospective Anti-Aging Natural Compound: Focus on … (2021) – In the brain, curcumin is able to modulate inflammation induced by microglia. Finally in brain tumors curcumin is able to reduce tumor growth … Curcumin mitigates cerebral vasospasm and early brain injury … (2017) – Curcumin can inhibit SAH-induced inflammatory response via restricting NF-κB activation to alleviate cerebral vasospasm and early brain … Curcumin attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced neuronal … (2022) – Herein, we studied that curcumin decreased brain edema and improved neurological function by using brain edema measurement, assessment of … Neuroprotective Effect of Curcumin Against Cerebral Ischemia … – Curcumin in MCAO rats significantly improved brain damage and neurological function by upregulating p-Akt and p-mTOR and downregulating LC3-II/LC3-I, IL-1 … Effects of curcumin on short-term spatial and recognition memory … (2017) – Curcumin treatment exerted only slight improvements in neuroinflammation, resulting in no improvements in hippocampal and subventricular … Curcumin attenuates vascular inflammation and cerebral … – The protective effect of curcumin was associated with a significant attenuation of inflammatory gene expression and lipid peroxidation within the cerebral … Curcumin protects against cognitive impairments in a rat model of … – Furthermore, curcumin has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. However, the effects of curcumin on CCH-induced cognitive … Assessment of Novel Curcumin Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of … – We synthesized new curcumin derivatives with the aim of providing good anti-aggregation capacity but also improved anti-inflammatory activity. Oral Nano-Curcumin in a Model of Chronic Gulf War Illness … (2022) – Curcumin (CUR), an antiinflammatory compound, has shown promise to alleviate brain dysfunction in a model of GWI following intraperitoneal … Liposomal Encapsulated Curcumin Effectively Attenuates … (2020) – Amongst them, curcumin has been shown to attenuate microglia reaction and prevent from glial scar formation in spinal cord and brain injuries. Curcumin’s Effects on Mental Health Conditions A systematic review of the antidepressant effects of curcumin (2021) – Curcumin improves depressant and anxiety behavior in humans. It can increase monoamines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and may … Curcumin and nano-curcumin applications in psychiatric disorders (2024) – Psychiatric disorders cause long-lasting disabilities across different age groups. While various medications are available for mental … Curcumin for depression: a meta-analysis – Curcumin is the principal curcuminoid found in turmeric (Curcuma longa), a spice frequently used in Asian countries. Given its anti-inflammatory and … Curcumin as a Multifunctional Spice Ingredient against Mental … (2024) – Although curcumin demonstrates anti-anxiety, anti-depressive and anti-stress properties, studies on humans are limited and heterogeneous. Potential Role of Curcumin for the Treatment of Major Depressive … (2022) – Curcumin is the major biologically active polyphenolic constituent in the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa) that has been shown to have … Curcumin in depressive disorders: An overview of potential … (2016) – Considering the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders, its social burden and the limitations of currently available treatments, … Curcumin for neuropsychiatric disorders: a review of in vitro, animal … – Turmeric has been used in traditional medicine for centuries to treat a range of ailments. Its primary active constituent curcumin, can influence an array … Curcumin in Depression: Potential Mechanisms of Action … (2020) – Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating disorders. Current available treatments are somehow limited, … A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study – Major depressive disorder is a devastating mental illness leading to a lifetime prevalence of higher than 16% on individuals. The treatment delay and … A critical examination of studies on curcumin for depression – Curcumin, an ingredient of turmeric, is widely available as a nutritional supplement. Curcumin has biological properties that suggest its use for a large … An Update on the Exploratory Use of Curcumin in Neuropsychiatric … (2022) – Curcumin is a polyphenol extracted from the rhizome of the turmeric plant. Beyond its common use as a culinary spice in Eastern Asia, … Effect of curcumin supplementation on symptoms of anxiety – Present meta-analysis demonstrated that curcumin intake might contribute to alleviation of anxiety disorder. Due to the limited number of studies included, … Systemic Administration of Curcumin Affect Anxiety-Related … (2018) – Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-induced psychiatric disease characterized by impaired hyperarousal, fear extermination, … Schizophrenia, Curcumin and Minimizing Side Effects of … (2022) – Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by episodes of psychosis; major symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, … Curcumin as an add-on to antidepressive treatment – Abstract. Objectives: Depression is a widespread mental disorder in which nearly half of the affected people have recurrent symptoms. Drug combinations may … Role of Curcumin in the Management of Schizophrenia: A Narrative … (2021) – Nutraceutical agents and food supplements are commonly used as treatment adjuncts in neuropsychiatric disorders. Curcumin, a bioactive agent … The Role of Curcumin Administration in Patients with Major … – Major depression is a common, recurrent, and chronic disease that negatively affects the quality of life and increases the risk of mortality. Curcumin Alleviates DSS-Induced Anxiety-Like Behaviors via the … (2022) – The anxiety and depression caused by inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are known to greatly affect the mental health of patients. Curcumin as Add-On to Antipsychotic Treatment in Patients With … – The promising results of curcumin as an add-on to antipsychotics in the treatment of negative symptoms may open a new and safe therapeutic option for the … Effects of Curcumin on Depression and Anxiety: A Narrative Review … – Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 2 Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, … Curcumin for the treatment of major depression – School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia. Electronic address: a.lopresti@murdoch.edu.au. 2 Impact … A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial – Beneficial effects of nano-curcumin supplement on depression and anxiety in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo- … The effect of curcumin on postpartum depression and anxiety in … (2025) – Postpartum depression and anxiety are common problems in primiparous women, which can negatively affect Maternal-infant bonding and lead to … Efficacy and safety of curcumin in major depressive disorder (2013) – Curcumin, an active ingredient of Curcuma longa Linn (Zingiberaceae), has shown potential antidepressant-like activity in animal studies. Add-on Treatment with Curcumin Has Antidepressive Effects in Thai … (2018) – Activation of immune-inflammatory and oxidative-nitrosative (IO&NS) stress pathways plays a role in major depression (MDD). Is there a role for curcumin in the treatment of bipolar disorder? – Curcumin is a polyphenolic nonflavonoid compound extracted from the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa), a plant commonly used in Indian and Chinese … Curcumin as a putative antidepressant (2015) – Due to inadequate efficacy of antidepressants, various new chemical entities and agents of natural origin have been tested for therapeutic … Anti-depressant like effect of curcumin and its combination … – Curcumin, a yellow pigment extracted from rhizomes of the plant Curcuma longa (turmeric), has been widely used as food additive and also as a herbal … Curcumin and major depression: a randomised, double-blind … – A recent randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled study conducted by our research group, provided partial support for the efficacy of supplementation … An investigation of the effects of curcumin on anxiety and depression … – Conclusion: Curcumin has a potential anti-anxiety effect in individuals with obesity. Publication types. Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. … Studies on Curcumin and Combinations with Curcumin Curcumin and Piperine Combination for the Treatment of Patients … – Results of this clinical trial suggest that short-term treatment with curcumin plus piperine administration improves NAFLD severity. Turmeric supplementation with piperine is more effective … (2022) – Turmeric supplementation in combination with piperine has a superior effect to turmeric alone in increasing antioxidant capacity and reducing oxidative stress … Curcumin and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as bioactive … (2024) – Curcumin and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) are multifunctional compounds which play an important role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Supplementation with Resveratrol and Curcumin Does Not Affect the … (2018) – Acute supplementation with Res/Cur has no impact on the postprandial inflammation response to a high-fat meal in abdominally obese older adults. Combination treatment with curcumin and quercetin of adenomas in … – The combination of curcumin and quercetin appears to reduce the number and size of ileal and rectal adenomas in patients with FAP without appreciable toxicity. A bioavailable form of curcumin, in combination with vitamin-D (2021) – A bioavailable form of curcumin, in combination with vitamin-D- and omega-3-enriched diet, modifies disease onset and outcomes in a murine model … The effect of curcumin-piperine supplementation on lipid profile … (2024) – The current study showed that curcumin-piperine supplementation can improve serum CRP, triglycerides, and glucose concentrations in patients with T2DM and … A New Frontier in Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases (2025) – This review discusses published data on each of these supplements in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. It also discusses a combination … Oral Co-Supplementation of Curcumin, Quercetin, and Vitamin D3 … (2022) – Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic benefits of a single oral formulation containing supplements curcumin … The “Big Five” Phytochemicals Targeting Cancer Stem Cells – Since current cancer therapies fail to eradicate CSCs, leading to cancer recurrence and progression, targeting of CSCs with phytochemicals such as curcumin, … Curcumin and omega-3 ameliorate experimental osteoarthritis … (2025) – Curcumin and omega-3 have been used as dietary supplements for OA due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, there is … The possible therapeutic role of curcumin and quercetin in the early … (2023) – The results revealed in this exploratory study suggest a possible therapeutic role of curcumin and quercetin in the early-stage of COVID-19. Effects of berberine, curcumin, resveratrol alone and in combination … (2017) – In this manuscript, we discuss and demonstrate how certain nutraceuticals may enhance other anti-cancer drugs to suppress proliferation of … The Combination of Vitamin D and Curcumin Piperine Attenuates … – Abstract. Background: Curcumin-piperine might synergise with vitamin D to induce clinical remission in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The clinical use of curcumin on neurological disorders – Curcumin supplementation may have favorable effects on inflammatory status and clinical outcomes of patients with neurological disease. Multiple dietary supplements do not affect metabolic and cardio … – Supplementation with a combination of popular dietary supplements has no cardiovascular or metabolic effects in non-obese relatively healthy individuals. Piperine: Old Spice and New Nutraceutical? – … combination with other nutraceuticals, e.g. with curcumin, i.e. piperine can modify curcumin’s antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer … Can Brain Health Be Supported by Vitamin D-Based Supplements … (2020) – Curcumin acts as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage. In particular, curcumin is a … The effect of curcumin with piperine supplementation on pro-oxidant … (2019) – The aim of this study was to examine the effect of curcumin with piperine supplementation on oxidative stress in subjects with NAFLD. ProspeCtive study to evaluate efficacy, safety and tOlerability of … – Here we investigated the efficacy of curcumin, a naturally occurring poly-phenolic phytochemical with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, in … Curcuminoids plus piperine improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2019) – This study suggested beneficial effects of combined curcuminoids and piperine supplementation on disease severity in patients with NAFLD. The effects of curcumin-piperine supplementation on inflammatory … (2023) – The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation with curcumin-piperine combination in patients with ischemic stroke … Dietary fish oil and curcumin combine to modulate colonic … – These results suggest that dietary lipids and curcumin interact to regulate mucosal homeostasis and the resolution of chronic inflammation in the colon. Curcumin, Polydatin and Quercetin Synergistic Activity Protects from … – Curcumin, Polydatin and Quercetin Synergistic Activity Protects from High-Glucose-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress · Authors. Anti-SASP and anti-inflammatory activity of resveratrol, curcumin … (2021) – Our results suggest that the three analysed compounds can have a combined effect in restraining SASP in senescent HUVECs as well as the inflammatory response. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2018) – This meta-analysis suggests that taking curcumin-containing supplements may exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties through a significant reduction … Novel dietary supplement association reduces symptoms … – A new combination of natural active ingredients that, administered as dietary supplements, could have the effect of reducing inflammatory response in … Supplementation with Whey Protein, Omega-3 Fatty Acids … (2020) – We evaluate the effects of a combination of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) and a whey-based nutritional supplement (with or without polyphenols and fish … Is curcumin bioavailability a problem in humans: lessons … – Moreover, curcumin, in combination with other compounds or as formulations, has shown enhanced bioavailability. Hence, bioavailability is not a problem in the … Potential synergism of natural products in the treatment of cancer – This review focuses on a number of reports of herb-drug interactions, their mechanism of action with a special emphasis on dietetic phytochemicals such as … Comprehensive List of Studies on Bacopa monnieri and Combinations Bacopa monnieri: Effects on Repairing Mitochondria Modulation of hydrogen peroxide and acrolein-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions and redox regulated pathways by the Bacopa monniera extract: potential implication in Alzheimer’s disease (2010) – Bacopa monnieri extract (BME) reduced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer’s models by modulating redox pathways and protecting mitochondrial integrity. [](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1177392819866412) Bacopa monnieri prevents the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by 3-nitropropionic acid in prepubertal mice brain (2012) – BM protected against mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in a Huntington’s disease model, preserving mitochondrial function in prepubertal mice. [](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278691520302556) Bacopa monnieri mitigates paraquat-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurotoxicity in prepubertal mice (2016) – BM reduced paraquat-induced mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, protecting against Parkinson’s-like neurotoxicity in mice. [](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278691520302556) Investigating the Neuroprotective and Cognitive-Enhancing Effects of Bacopa monnieri: A Systematic Review Focused on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Apoptosis (2024) – Systematic review highlighting BM’s role in reducing mitochondrial dysfunction through antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms in neurodegenerative conditions. [](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/4/393)[](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11047749/) Bacopa monnieri inhibits apoptosis and senescence through mitophagy in human astrocytes (2020) – BM enhanced mitophagy, selectively removing damaged mitochondria, thus protecting astrocytes from benzo[a]pyrene-induced neurotoxicity. [](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278691520302556) Bacopa monnieri: Effects on Reducing Brain Inflammation Investigating the Neuroprotective and Cognitive-Enhancing Effects of Bacopa monnieri: A Systematic Review Focused on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Apoptosis (2024) – BM reduced Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) phosphorylation and pro-inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6), mitigating neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. [](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/4/393)[](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11047749/) Neuroprotective, neurotrophic and anti-oxidative role of Bacopa monnieri on CUS induced model of depression in rat (2016) – BM reduced neuroinflammation by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines in a chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats. [](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-80045-2) The Ayurvedic plant Bacopa monnieri inhibits inflammatory pathways in the brain (2017) – BM inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 release from microglial cells, reducing neuroinflammation in rat brain models. [](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-80045-2) Bacopa monnieri (L.) exerts anti-inflammatory effects on cells of the innate immune system in vitro (2014) – BM demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines in immune cells, with implications for brain health. [](https://www.alzdiscovery.org/cognitive-vitality/ratings/bacopa-monnieri) Bacopa monnieri prevents colchicine-induced dementia by anti-inflammatory action (2015) – BM reduced neuroinflammation caused by colchicine, protecting against dementia-like symptoms in rats. [](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-80045-2) Bacopa monnieri: Effects on Mental Health Conditions Effects of a Standardized Bacopa monnieri Extract on Cognitive Performance, Anxiety, and Depression in the Elderly: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (2008) – BM (300 mg/day) improved memory, reduced anxiety, and decreased depression scores in elderly participants over 12 weeks. [](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3153866/)[](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3153866/) Investigating the Neuroprotective and Cognitive-Enhancing Effects of Bacopa monnieri: A Systematic Review Focused on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Apoptosis (2024) – BM improved emotional function, depression, anhedonia, hyperactivity, and attention deficit in 22 clinical trials, supporting its use in psychiatric conditions. [](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/4/393)[](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11047749/) The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects (2001) – BM (300 mg/day) enhanced memory retention and reduced anxiety in healthy adults over 12 weeks. [](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874113008027)[](https://www.nature.com/articles/1395862) Effects of bacopa monnieri (CDRI 08®) in a population of males exhibiting inattention and hyperactivity aged 6 to 14 years: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (2022) – BM (320 mg/day) reduced ADHD symptoms, including hyperactivity and inattention, in children aged 6-14 over 16 weeks. [](https://www.health.com/bacopa-benefits-8760026) Bacopa monnieri as augmentation therapy in the treatment of anhedonia, preclinical and clinical evaluation (2020) – BM improved anhedonia, a core symptom of depression, in both preclinical and clinical studies, enhancing mood outcomes. [](https://examine.com/supplements/bacopa-monnieri/) The Neurocognitive Effects of Bacopa monnieri and Cognitive Training on Markers of Brain Microstructure in Healthy Older Adults (2021) – BM (300 mg/day) combined with cognitive training improved spatial working memory in older adults, though effects on other cognitive domains were mixed. [](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/aging-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.638109/full) Effect of Bacopa monnieri Extract on Memory and Cognitive Skills in Adult Humans: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study (2024) – BM (300 mg/day) enhanced memory and cognitive skills, reduced anxiety, and improved sleep quality in healthy adults over 12 weeks. [](https://www.gavinpublishers.com/article/view/effect-of-bacopa-monnieri-extract-on-memory-and–cognitive-skills-in-adult-humans-a-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-study) Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri extract (2014) – Meta-analysis of 9 RCTs (437 subjects) showed BM improved attention, cognition, and reaction time, with benefits for anxiety in some studies. [](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874113008027) Combinations Involving Bacopa monnieri Synergistic neuroprotection by phytocompounds of Bacopa monnieri in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer’s disease mice model (2023) – BM combined with other phytocompounds (e.g., bacosides, quercetin) enhanced neuroprotection against scopolamine-induced Alzheimer’s-like deficits, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36076495/) Effects of a combined extract of Ginkgo biloba and Bacopa monniera on cognitive function in healthy humans (2004) – BM (300 mg) combined with Ginkgo biloba (120 mg) showed no significant cognitive enhancement in healthy adults over 4 weeks, suggesting longer treatment may be needed. [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12404571/) Investigating the Neuroprotective and Cognitive-Enhancing Effects of Bacopa monnieri: A Systematic Review Focused on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Apoptosis (2024) – Some studies combined BM with other nutraceuticals (e.g., L-theanine, vitamins), showing cognitive benefits, but effects were not solely attributable to BM due to confounding factors. [](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/4/393)[](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11047749/) Indian Medicinal Herbs and Formulations for Alzheimer’s Disease, from Traditional Knowledge to Scientific Assessment (2020) – BM combined with other Ayurvedic herbs (e.g., Gotu Kola, Ashwagandha) showed synergistic effects in reducing Alzheimer’s symptoms, including inflammation and cognitive decline. [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12404571/) Investigating the Neuroprotective and Cognitive-Enhancing Effects of Bacopa monnieri: A Systematic Review Focused on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Apoptosis (2024) – BM in polyherbal formulations (e.g., with Crocus sativus, folate) improved cognitive functions in older adults, though specific contributions of BM were unclear. [](https://www.i-jmr.org/2022/2/e38542) Previous Article My Fight Against Inflammation: From Bar Stool to Battle-Ready Next Article TOP AI PICKS FOR AI STOCKS Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *. * * Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. 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